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Table 8.5

Human enteric viruses

Family

Features

Viruses

Associated diseases

Adenoviridae

Icosahedral particles with fibres.

100 nm, DNA.

Group F adenovirus Serotypes 40

and 41 (AdV).

Gastroenteritis

Astroviridae

28 nm particles with surface ‘star’

motif. ssRNA.

Human astrovirus, 7 serotypes

(HAs

þ

V)

Mild gastroenteritis

Caliciviridae

34 nm particles with cup-shaped

depressions on surface. ssRNA.

Sapovirus 5 or more serotypes

Gastroenteritis

Less distinct surface features.

Norovirus 4–9 serotypes.

Gastroenteritis

Parvoviridae

22 nm featureless particles. ssDNA. Parvovirus,

e.g.

Ditchling and

Cockle agent.

Gastroenteritis, normally shellfish associated.

Picornaviridae

Featureless 28 nm icosahedral

particles. ssRNA.

Poliovirus types 1–3.

Meningitis, paralysis fever.

Echovirus types 1–65. Enterovirus

now viruses numbered 68–71.

Meningitis, rash, diarrhoea, fever, respiratory

disease.

Coxsackie A types 1–23.

Meningitis, herpangia, fever, respiratory disease.

Coxsackie B types 1–6.

Myocarditis, congenital heart anomalies,

pleurodynia, respiratory disease, fever, rash,meningitis.

Hepatovirus (Hepatitis A).

Infectious hepatitis.

Reoviridae

Double shelled capsids. 70–80 nm

segmented as RNA.

Reovirus

No disease associations known.

Outer shell appears as ‘spokes of a

wheel’. 70 nm.

Rotavirus. Mainly Group A,

occasionally B and C inhumans.

Gastroenteritis.

Coronaviridae

a

Fragile, pleomorphic, enveloped

particles with prominent club-shaped spikes. SsRNA.

Human enteric coronavirus

(HECV).

Gastroenteritis, possibly neonatal necrotizing

enterocolitis.

Unclassified

Hepatitis E virus

*

(Enterically transmitted, non-A,

non-B hepatitis), (HEV).

Infectious hepatitis

(M. Carter)aPotential agents not confirmed as human pathogens

302 Non-bacterial Agents of Foodborne Illness