Operational Amplifier Fundamentals Unit 1 – The Operational Amplifier
If the voltages at the noninverting and inverting inputs are equal, the op amp output is saturated.
Due to the extremely high open-loop gain, a small voltage difference between the op amp inputs
causes the output voltage to swing toward one of the power supply levels (voltage).
The output voltage polarity of an op amp is identical to the polarity of the voltage at the
noninverting input terminal.
NOTE: Typically, voltage polarity is with respect to circuit common. However, op amp inputs
can be referenced to one another.