683Appendix B
Operator Precedence
In the following table, the operators are grouped by precedence level (hightest to lowest), and
a horizontal line separates each precedence level from the next.
Precedence (highest to lowest)
Operator Assoc.* Operand Type(s) Operation Performed
. LR object, member object member access
[] LR array, int array element access
(args ) LR method, arglist method invocation
++,-- LR variable post-increment, decrement
++,-- RL variable pre-increment, decrement
+,- RL number unary plus, unary minus
~ RL integer bitwise complement
! RL boolean boolean NOT
new RL class, arglist object creation
(type ) RL type, any cast (type conversion)
*, /, % LR number, number multiplication, division, remainder
+, - LR number, number addition, subtraction
- LR string, any string concatenation
<< LR integer, integer left shift
LR integer, integer right shift with sign extension
LR integer, integer right shift with zero extension
<, <= LR number, number less than, less than or equal
, >= LR number, number greater than, greater than or equal
instanceof LR reference, type type comparison
== LR primitive, primitive equal (have identical values)
!= LR primitive, primitive not equal (have different values)
== LR reference, reference equal (refer to the same object)
!= LR reference, reference not equal (refer to different objects)
& LR integer, integer bitwise AND
& LR boolean, boolean boolean AND
^ LR integer, integer bitwise XOR
^ LR boolean, boolean boolean XOR