Microbiology and Immunology

von Gruber, Max WORLD OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

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ics, and so-called “racial hygiene.” His Hygiene des

Geschlechtslebens[Sexual Hygiene] first appeared in 1903, was

reprinted or revised fifty-two times by 1925, and was translated

into many languages, including English. With psychiatrist

Ernst Rüdin (1874–1952), later a Nazi, Gruber co-edited

Fortpflanzung, Vererbung, und Rassenhygiene[Propagation,

Inheritance, and Racial Hygiene] in 1911. Thereafter, much of

his work was political propaganda. Gruber attended Adolph

Hitler’s first big rally in 1921 and was impressed by Hitler’s

control of the crowd and command of issues. Gruber died in

Berchtesgaden, Germany, on September 16, 1927.

See alsoAntibody-antigen, biochemical and molecular reac-

tions; Bacteria and bacterial infection; History of immunol-

ogy; Typhoid fever

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