Microbiology and Immunology

WORLD OF MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY

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Introduction

advances in microbiology and immunology on history,

ethics, and society.

• Bold-faced termsdirect the reader to related entries.


• “See also” referencesat the end of entries alert the
  reader to related entries not specifically mentioned in
  the body of the text.
  •ASources Consultedsection lists the most worthwhile
  print material and web sites we encountered in the com-
  pilation of this volume. It is there for the inspired read-
  er who wants more information on the people and dis-
  coveries covered in this volume.


• The Historical Chronologyincludes many of the sig-
  nificant events in the advancement of microbiology and
  immunology. The most current entries date from just
  days before World of Microbiology and Immunology
  went to press.
  •Acomprehensive General Indexguides the reader to
  topics and persons mentioned in the book. Bolded page
  references refer the reader to the term’s full entry.
  Although there is an important and fundamental link
  between the composition and shape of biological molecules
  and their functions in biological systems, a detailed under-
  standing of biochemistry is neither assumed or required for
  World of Microbiology and Immunology.Accordingly, stu-
  dents and other readers should not be intimidated or deterred
  by the complex names of biochemical molecules (especially
  the names for particular proteins, enzymes, etc.). Where nec-
  essary, sufficient information regarding chemical structure is
  provided. If desired, more information can easily be obtained
  from any basic chemistry or biochemistry reference.

Advisory Board

In compiling this edition we have been fortunate in being

able to rely upon the expertise and contributions of the follow-

ing scholars who served as academic and contributing advisors

for World of Microbiology and Immunology, and to them we

would like to express our sincere appreciation for their efforts to

ensure that World of Microbiology and Immunologycontains the

most accurate and timely information possible:

Robert G. Best, Ph.D.

Director, Division of Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and

Gynecology

University of South Carolina School of Medicine

Columbia, South Carolina

Antonio Farina, M.D., Ph.D.

Visiting Professor, Department of Pathology and Laboratory

Medicine

Brown University School of Medicine

Providence, Rhode Island

Professor, Department of Embryology, Obstetrics, and

Gynecology

University of Bologna

Bologna, Italy

Brian D. Hoyle, Ph.D.

Microbiologist

Member, American Society for Microbiology and the

Canadian Society of Microbiologists

Nova Scotia, Canada

Eric v.d. Luft, Ph.D., M.L.S.

Curator of Historical Collections

SUNY Upstate Medical University

Syracuse, New York

Danila Morano, M.D.

University of Bologna

Bologna, Italy

Judyth Sassoon, Ph.D., ARCS

Department of Biology & Biochemistry

University of Bath

Bath, England

Constance K. Stein, Ph.D.

Director of Cytogenetics, Assistant Director of Molecular

Diagnostics

SUNY Upstate Medical University

Syracuse, New York

Acknowledgments

In addition to our academic and contributing advisors, it

has been our privilege and honor to work with the following

contributing writers, and scientists: Sherri Chasin Calvo;

Sandra Galeotti, M.S.; Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner; Jill Liske,

M.Ed.; and Susan Thorpe-Vargas, Ph.D.

Many of the advisors for World of Microbiology and

Immunologyauthored specially commissioned articles within

their field of expertise. The editors would like to specifically

acknowledge the following contributing advisors for their spe-

cial contributions:

Robert G. Best, Ph.D.

Immunodeficiency disease syndromes

Immunodeficiency diseases, genetic

Antonio Farina, M.D., Ph.D.

Reproductive immunology

Brian D. Hoyle, Ph.D.

Anthrax, terrorist use of as a biological weapon

Eric v.d. Luft, Ph.D., M.L.S.

The biography of Dr. Harry Alfred Feldman

Danila Morano, M.D.

Rh and Rh incompatibility

Judyth Sassoon, Ph.D.

BSE and CJD disease, ethical issues and socio-economic

impact

Constance K. Stein, Ph.D.

Genetic identification of microorganisms

Susan Thorpe-Vargas, Ph.D

Immunology, nutritional aspects

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