See Confer, Cherokee Nation in the Civil War; Spencer, American Civil
War in the Indian Territory; Mcloughlin, After the Trail of Tears.
See Katz, Black Indians; Duvall, Jacob, and Murray, Secret History of the
Cherokees.
See Wilson and Schommer, Remember This!; Wilson, In the Footsteps of
Our Ancestors; Anderson, Kinsmen of Another Kind, 26I-8I; Anderson,
Little Crow.
From Charles Eastman, Indian Boyhood (I902), quoted in Nabokov, Na-
tive American Testimony, 22.
West, Contested Plains, 30 0-30I.
Ortiz, from Sand Creek, 4I.
See Kelman, Misplaced Massacre.
IO. From A. N. Ellis, "Reflections of an Interview with Cochise," Kansas State
Historical Society I3 (I9I3-14), quoted in Nabokov, Native American Tes
timony, I77·
II. Utley, Indian Frontier of the American West, 82. Also see Carleton, Prairie
Logbooks, 3-152.
From Condition of the Indian Tribes, Senate Report no. I56, 39 th Cong.,
2nd sess. (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, I867), quoted in
Nabokov, Native American Testimony, 197 -98.
13. See Denetdale, Long Walk; and Denetdale, Reclaiming Dine History.
See Gates, History of Public La11d Law Development.
For a booster version of the relationship between the land acts and coloni-
zation, see Hyman, American Singularity.
White, "It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own," 139·
Westphall, Public Domain in New Mexico, 43.
I8. See White, Railroaded.
I9. This is the total number of treaties signed by both parties, ratified by the US
Congress, and proclaimed by US presidents. Many more treaties negotiated
between the United States and Indigenous nations and signed by the presi
dent were not ratified by Congress, or if ratified were not proclaimed, the
California Indigenous peoples' treaties being the most numerous, so there
are actually around six hundred treaties that are considered legitimate by
the Indigenous nations concerned. See Deloria, Behind the Trail of Broken
Treaties; Deloria and DeMallie, Documents of American Indian Diplo
macy; Johansen, Enduring Legacies.
See 16 Stat. 566, Rev. Stat. Sec. 2079; 25 U.S. Code Sec. 7I.
2I. Hanson, Memory and Vision, 21I.
From Marriott and Rachlin, American Indian Mythology, quoted in Nabo
kov, Native American Testimony, 17 4-75.
