the particles can be large (2 mm) and have significant velocities (30–50 ft/sec), they have the
potential for creating damage on station hardware. When the video was analyzed, some of the
ice particles were observed bouncing off of the nearby ISS hardware. Results agreed well with
models; during the nominal phase of the vent, larger particles stayed within a cone with a 20-
degree half-angle (Schmidle 2001, 2002). These data were used to develop an operational
constraint on the location of the solar arrays and photovoltaic radiators to mitigate potential
damage.
PUBLICATION(S)
Slaba TC, Blattnig SR, Badavi FF, et al. Statistical validation of HZETRN as a function of vertical
cutoff rigidity using ISS measurements. Advances in Space Research. 2011;47:600-610. doi
10.1016/j.asr.2010.10.021.
Christiansen EL, Nagy K, Lear DM, Prior TG. Space station MMOD shielding. Acta Astronautica.
2009;65(7-8):921-929. doi 10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.01.046.
Zhou D, O'Sullivan D, Semones E, Zapp EN, Johnson S, Weyland M. Radiation dosimetry for high
LET particles in low-Earth orbit. Acta Astronautica. 200863:855-864. doi:
10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.04.002.
Pankop, Alred J, Boeder. Mitigation of thruster plume-induced erosion of ISS sensitive
hardware. Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment; 2006.
Schmidl W, Visentine J, Mikatarian RR. Mitigation of damage to the International Space Station
(ISS) from water dumps. Protection of Materials and Structures from Space Environment; 2006.
Koontz S, Golden JL, Lorenz MJ, Pedley MD. Ionizing radiation effects on ISS ePTFE jacketed
cable assembly. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Materials in a Space
Environment. Noordwijk, The Netherlands; June 2003. 16-20 297-301.
Schmidl W, Alred J, Mikatarian RR, Soares, Miles EA, Howorth L, Mishina L, Murtazin R.
Characterization of on-orbit US lab condensate vacuum venting. 53rd International
Astronautical Congress, The World Space Congress, Houston, TX; October 10-19, 2002.
Soares CE, Mikatarian RR, Scharf RA, Miles EA. International Space Station Flights 1A/R - 6A
external cantamination observations and surface assessment. 47th Annual International
Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, Seattle, WA; July 7-11, 2002.
This project is ongoing, and additional results are pending publication.