Pharmacology for Dentistry

Aminoglycosides Antibiotics 329

AMIKACIN

It is semisynthetic derivative of
kanamycin. It is active against gentamicin
resistant organisms e.g. Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Klebsiella, E. coli and Proteus. It is
resistant to bacterial aminoglycoside
inactivating enzymes.

It is indicated in bacteriaemia, septicae-
mia; respiratory tract, bones and joints, CNS
(including meningitis), skin, soft tissue,
intraabdominal infections (including perito-
nitis); burns and postoperative infections.

Adverse effects include hypersensitivity
reactions, nausea, vomiting, nephrotoxicity, oto-
toxicity, headache and neuromuscular blockade.

KANAMYCIN

It is derived from Streptomyces
kanamyceticus. It is active against Pseudomo-

nas, but due to severe ototoxicity and neph-

rotoxicity, it is replaced by other

aminoglycosides and occasionally used in

multidrug resistant cases of tuberculosis.

NEOMYCIN

It is isolated from Streptomyces fradiae

and is effective against most gram negative

bacilli and some gram positive cocci.

Because of its high ototoxicity and

nephrotoxicity, it is not used systemically

and used locally in various skin and eye

infections.

FRAMYCETIN

It is derived from Streptomyces lavendule.

It is similar to neomycin and used locally in

various skin infections and eye/ear

infections.