(Mode of Action of Drugs)

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Chapter

1.4

Chapter

9.11 Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease
caused by various species of mycobacteria.
The important human mycobacterium
pathogens are Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and Mycobacterium bovis. According to
WHO, about one third of the world’s popu-

lation is infected with tuberculosis. Due to

spread of HIV virus, there is increased

prevalence of tuberculosis, infection with

Mycobacterium avium complex and

multidrug resistant tuberculosis. The che-

motherapeutic agents used in the treatment

Table 9.11.1: Classification of antitubercular drugs.

I. First line or standard drugs

Isoniazid (Isonicotinic acid hydrazide – INH; ISONEX) 300-450 mg/day

Rifampicin (R-CIN) 450-600 mg/day

Streptomycin (AMBISTRYN-S) 0.75-1 g IM

Pyrazinamide (PZA-CIBA) 1.5-2 g/day

Ethambutol (MYCOBUTOL) 15-25 mg/kg/day

Combination of rifampicin & isoniazid (R-CINEX), combination of rifampicin, INH & pyrazinamide

(MYCOCOX-Z)

II. Second line or reserved drugs

Ethionamide (MYCOTUF) 0.5-1.0 g/day

Para-amino salicylic acid (PAS; INAPAS) 10-12 g/day

Cycloserine (CYCLORINE) 0.5-1.0 g/day

Thiacetazone 150 mg/day

Kanamycin (KANSIN) 0.75-1 g/day IM

Capreomycin (KAPOCIN) 0.75-1 g/day IM

Amikacin (AMICIN) 0.75-1 g/day IM

Fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin; Macrolide antibiotics like clarithromycin, azithromycin.

Newer drugs

Rifabutin (Ansamycin) 450 mg/day

Rifapentine 600 mg once or twice in a wk

Chemotherapy of

Tuberculosis