Vaccines, Sera and Other Immunological Agents 437worldwide polio eradication programme.
Oral polio vaccine (OPV) is used for active
immunisation against poliomyelitis. It
stimulates the formation of antibodies both
in the blood and the mucosal tissues of the
GI tract.
DTP (DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS,
PERTUSSIS; TRIPLE ANTIGEN,
TRIPVAC)
Combined DTP vaccines have been in
use worldwide since the 1940s and have
contributed substantially to the reduction
in clinical pertussis.
Children given three doses of this
remarkable vaccine get good protection
against three diseases namely diphtheria,
tetanus and pertussis.
Diphtheria is an infection that attacks
the throat, mouth and nose. It is a highly
contagious disease (easy to get), but has
become rare ever since the vaccine was
introduced....Contd.
Table 13.1.4: General schedule of vaccination.
Age Immunization
Birth to 2 months Hepatitis B vaccine, BCG vaccine.
2 months Diphtheria and tetanus toxoid and pertussis vaccine (DTP), oral polio virus vaccine
(OPV), Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (Hib).
2-4 months HBV and second dose after one month of first dose.
4 months DTP, Hib, OPV.
6 months DTP, Hib, OPV.
6-18 months HBV, OPV, oral polio vaccine at 6 months of age is more preferred.
12-15 months Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR), Hib.
12-18 months DTP or diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) at 15
months, varicella vaccine.
4-6 yrs DTP or DTaP, OPV.
4-6 yrs or 11-12 yrs MMR.
11-12 yrs Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (Td).
Tetanus immune Postexposure prophylaxis: 250 units IM. Tetanus
globulin Treatment: 3,000 to 6,000 units IM.
Varicella-zoster 125 units/10 kg IM, up to 625 units. Higher doses may be Varicella
immune globulin required.
Immune globulin Initial dose of 400 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks. Dosage should Chronic lymphocytic
(intravenous) be adjusted upward if bacterial infections occur. leukemia
Cytomegalovirus Bone marrow transplantation: 1 g/kg weekly. Cytomegalovirus
immune globulin Kidney transplantation: 150 mg/kg then 50 to 100 mg/kg
(intravenous) every 2 weeks.
Diphtheria 20,000 to 120,000 units IV or IM depending on the severity Diphtheria
antitoxin, equine and duration of illness.
Anti gas gangrene Prophylactic: 10, 000 IU; Gas gangrene
serum Therapeutic: 30-75,000 IV SC/IM/IV