Pharmacology for Dentistry

446 Section 13/ Miscellaneous

interference of active immunisation with
human diploid cell vaccine.

Adverse effects include local
tenderness, muscle soreness or stiffness at
the injection site, low grade fever,
sensitisation to repeated injections of
human globulin in immunoglobulin
deficient patients.

It is indicated in all injuries, even licks,
on mucous membranes by wild animals (or
even pet animals) suspected to be suffering
from rabies.

HEPATITIS B IMMUNOGLOBULIN
(HEPABIG)

HBIG provides immediate passive
immunity for those individuals with acute
exposure to HBsAg positive blood/blood
derivatives. Clinical trials have
demonstrated reduction in attack rate of
clinical hepatitis B following its use. After
administration of the usual recommended
dose of the HBIG there is a detectable level
of circulating anti-HBsAg antibody which
persist for three months. No case of
transmission of hepatitis B has been
associated with the use of this product.

HBIG does not interfere with generation
of antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine.
Ideally, persons exposed to blood which
contains hepatitis B virus should be given
combined passive active immunization.

Adverse effects include transient, mild
pain at the site of injection and itching.

It is indicated for prophylaxis of
hepatitis B after exposure to HBsAg e.g. by
accidental ‘needle-stick’, contact by
accidental splash or oral ingestion

(pipetting accident) involving HBsAg

positive material such as blood, plasma or

serum.

For prophylaxis of hepatitis B in

neonates born to HBsAg positive mothers.

Dosage: Following exposure to HBsAg.

Adults: 1,000 to 2,000 IU IM.

Children: 32 to 48 IU/kg body weight

This should be administered within seven

days (preferably within 48 hrs) after

exposure to HBsAg.

Neonates: Initial dose is 100 to 200 IU. The

first dose should be administered within five

days after birth. The booster dose should

be 32 to 48 IU/kg of body wt. between two

to three months after initial dose.

HUMAN NORMAL

IMMUNOGLOBULIN (BHARGLOB)

It is indicated for prophylaxis of

infectious diseases and immunotherapy.

Adverse effects include flushing with

chills, nausea and headache.

GAMMAGLOBULIN (HISTOGLOB)

Intravenous gamma globulin

preparations are available for replacement

therapy for patients with congenital

agammaglobulinaemia and hypogammag-

lobulinaemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic

purpura and Kawasaki syndrome. It is also

used for prophylaxis of infection following

bone marrow transplantation.

HUMAN ANTI-D

IMMUNOGLOBULIN (RHOCLONE)

It is indicated for prevention of

development of anti-D antibodies in Rh