13.60.Using an appropriate software graphics package, in-
put the forms of the sand phydrogen-like wavefunctions
(from Chapter 10), take the appropriate linear combinations
of them, and verify the spatial orientation of sp, sp^2 , and sp^3
hybrid orbitals. If you can find their forms in another refer-
ence, do the same thing for sp^3 dand sp^3 d^2 hybrid orbitals.
You will need to use the dwavefunctions from Chapter 10,
also.
13.61.Justify the fact that the nitrogen atom in ammonia is
sp^3 hybridized even though it makes only three bonds to three
hydrogen atoms.
13.62.What symmetry species is assigned to the lone por-
bital for a boron atom that is sp^2 hybridized?13.63.Construct 90% probability surface diagrams for sp,
sp^3 , and sp^3 hybrid orbitals. Use n2 hydrogen-like wave-
functions as the bases for the hybrid orbitals.460 Exercises for Chapter 13
Symbolic Math Exercises