Physical Chemistry , 1st ed.

natural variable equations, 96–99
SI units, 2–3
von Fraunhofer, Joseph, 525
von Helmholtz, Hermann L. F., 93
von Laue, Max, 741
von Lenard, Philipp E. A., 253

W
water molecules
crystal structure, 752–753
phase diagram, 753
reaction mechanisms, 707–708
surface tension, 767–771
vibrational parameters, 497, 509
watt, 255
wavefunctions
antisymmetric wavefunctions, 379–380, 631
average values, 293–296, 329
Born interpretation, 281–283
Born-Oppenheimer approximation, 403–405, 539
degeneracy, 303–306, 605, 618, 631–632
description, 274–275
doubly-degenerate wavefunctions, 591
for harmonic oscillators, 321–329
for helium atoms, 376–378, 396
for homonuclear diatomic molecules, 536, 630
for hydrogen-like atoms, 355–365, 374
linear variation theory, 398–402
for molecular orbitals, 409–415
normalization, 283–285, 303, 335–336
orthogonality, 306–307
particle-in-a-box solution, 288–292, 299–303, 605–606
Pauli exclusion principle, 377–382, 413, 532, 537, 630–631
perturbation theory, 386–394, 402–403
Slater determinants, 380–382
spectroscopy selection rules, 462–463
symmetry, 429–430, 437–438, 631
three-dimensional rotations, 341–347, 353–354
tunneling, 296–299
two-dimensional rotations, 333–341
variation theory, 394–397
vibrational wavefunctions, 541
wavelength, de Broglie equation, 267–269, 280

wavenumber

in rotational spectroscopy, 465, 469, 476

in rotational-vibrational spectroscopy, 507–509

wetting, 775–776

Wien displacement law, 255–256

work

Carnot cycle, 68–73, 94

description, 24–32

electrochemistry, 210–215

energy relationship, 210–215

Gibbs free energy,seeGibbs free energy

Helmholtz energy,seeHelmholtz energy

in surface tension, 769–771

work function, 259

X

X-ray diffraction

description, 741–744

Miller indices, 744–752, 778–780

X rays, 464

Y

Young, Thomas, 253–254, 773, 775

Young-Dupré equation, 775

Z

Zeeman, Pieter, 564

Zeeman spectroscopy, 560, 564–567

zeolites, 788

zero-point energy, 323

zeroth law of thermodynamics

equations of state, 5–9

gas laws, 6–10

nonideal gases, 10–17

overview, 1, 3–5, 21

partial derivatives, 8–10, 18–21

state, 2–3

surroundings, 2–3

system, 2–3

Zhabotinsky, Anatol M., 718

zone refining, 192–193

zwitterion, 136

INDEX 837