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The absorbance at 260 nm may be plotted against the temperature of a DNA solution which will indicate that little denaturation o ...

betweenTmand (CþG) content arises because cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds when base-paired, whereas thymine and a ...

may contain more than one copy of their genome. Genomic DNA from nearly all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms is also complex ...

every 300 bases and there are thought to be approximately 10 million in the human genome. Interest in SNPs lies in the fact that ...

volume than a preparation of human DNA (haploid genome size 3 106 kb), and will therefore renature far more rapidly, since ther ...

two other species the genetic code appears to be universal. In addition to coding for amino acids particular triplet sequences a ...

direct the synthesis of RNA molecules, which fall into three classes. Figure 5.10 indicates the locations of nucleic acids in pr ...

many levels of packaging of the DNA within the nucleus involving a variety of DNA binding proteins. First-order packaging involv ...

the scaffold, usually coinciding with origins of replication. Many other DNA binding proteins are also present, such as high mob ...

containing one ‘old’ and one ‘new’ strand; the process is therefore known assemi- conservative replication. The ideas behind DNA ...

5.5.2 DNA protection and repair systems Cellular growth and division require the correct and coordinated replication of DNA. Mec ...

III catalyse the synthesis of rRNA (I), tRNA and snRNA (III). Many non-expressed genes tend to have residues that are methylated ...

of other transcription factors also bind sequentially to form an initiation complex that includes RNA polymerase, subsequent to ...

or downstream of a particular gene in an orientation-independent manner. Even at such great distances from the transcription sta ...

regions orintrons). Intron–exon boundaries are generally determined by the sequence GU–AG and need to be removed or spliced befo ...

a large nuclear structure complex termed thespliceosomewhere splicing takes place. Introns are usually removed in a sequential m ...

5.5.7 Translation of mRNA Messenger RNA molecules are read and translated into protein by complex RNA– protein particles termedr ...

in prokaryotes by base-pairing between the Shine–Dalgarno sequence (Kozak sequence in eukaryotes) and a complementary sequence o ...

5.6 The manipulation of nucleic acids – basic tools and techniques 5.6.1 Enzymes used in molecular biology The discovery and cha ...

Table 5.3Types and examples of typical enzymes used in the manipulation of nucleic acids Enzyme Specific example Use in nucleic ...