400 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
division and proliferation. Growth factors are gene products that exert important
roles in the regulation of cell division and tissue proliferation. They are proteins or
glycoproteins that, upon binding to cellular receptors, regulate the proliferation and
differentiation of cells and tissues. The growth factors include:
- Cytokines
- Keratocyte growth factor
- Insulin-like growth factor
- Fibroblast growth factor
- Epidermal growth factor
- Vascular endothelial growth factor
- Connective tissue growth factor
Table 6.1Cytokines Being Exploited as Therapeutic Targets
Cytokine Properties
Granulocyte colony stimulating Granulocyte production
factor (G-CSF)
Granulocyte-macrophage colony Granulocyte, monocyte production
stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
Interferon-α(IFN-α) Activates NK cells
Interferon-β(IFN-β) Activates NK cells
Interferon-γ(IFN-γ) Activates TH1 cells, NK cells, CTLs, macrophages
Interleukin-1 (lL-1) T cell activation, B cell proliferation and differentiation
Interleukin-2 (lL-2) T cell proliferation, TH1, NK, LAK cell activation
Interleukin-3 (lL-3) Hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and
differentiation
Interleukin-4 (lL-4) TH2 and CTL activation, B cell proliferation
Interleukin-5 (lL-5) Eosinophil proliferation, B cell proliferation
Interleukin-6 (lL-6) HCF, TH2, CTL, and B cell proliferation
Interleukin-7 (lL-7) CTL, NK, LAK and B cell proliferation
Interleukin-8 (lL-8) Neutrophil chemotaxis
Interleukin-9 (lL-9) T cell proliferation
Interleukin-10 (lL-10) TH2 suppression, CTL activation, B cell proliferation
Interleukin-11 (lL-11) B cell differentiation
Interleukin-12 (lL-12) TH1 and CTL activation
Interleukin-13(lL-13) B cell proliferation
Interleukin-14 (lL-14) B cell proliferation
Interleukin-15 (lL-15) TH1, CTL, NK/LAK activation
Interleukin-16 (lL-16) Chemotaxis
Interleukin-17 (lL-17) Cytokine production, enhanced cytokine biosynthesis
Macrophage colony Monocyte production, macrophage activation
stimulating factor (M-CSF)
Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) Macrophage activation
Tumor necrosis factor-β(TNF-β) Promotion of chemotaxis