ḤāfiẓandtheSchoolofLoveinClassicalPersianPoetry 105(^46) Mathnawī, ed. Nicholson, IV: 409–14.
(^47) Shabistarī,Gulshan-irāz, ed. Muwaḥḥid, vv. 418, 421, p. 84.
(^48) Mathnawī, VI: 4541.
(^49) Dīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed. Khānlarī,ghazal137: 4.
(^50) Kulliyāt-iSa‛dī, p. 203.
(^51) Dīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed. Khānlarī,ghazal174: 7 [‘Wildman’ has been used to renderqalandarhere. Ed./trans.]
(^52) [On which, see M.G.S. Hodgson, ‘Ibāḥa (II)’,EI (^2) , III, pp. 662–3. Ed./trans.]
(^53) [There are six instances where Ḥāfiẓ praises theqalandarandqalandarī:seeDīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed. Khānlarī,
ghazals 79: 7; 366: 2; 389: 8; 479: 3; 174: 7; 442: 6. Ed./trans.]
(^54) Lā-ubālīchikunaddaftar-idānā’īrā.Ṭāqat-iva‘ẓnabāshadsar-isawdā’īrā./‘Ashiqānrāchighamazsar-
zanash-idushmanudūst?Yāgham-idūstkhuradyagham-irusvā’īrā.InKulliyāt-iSa‛dī, p. 417.
(^55) Gar murīd-i rāh-i ‘ishqī fikr-i badnāmī makan. Shaykh Ṣan‘ān khirqa rahn-i khāna-yi khammar dāsht.In
Dīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed. Khānlarī,ghazal79: 6.
(^56) Ibid.,ghazal79: 6–7.Waqt-iānshīrīn-qalandarkhvushkidaraṭvār-isayr,Dhikr-itasbīḥ-imalakdarkhalqa-i
zunnārdāsht.
(^57) Ibid.,ghazal10: 8.
(^58) [This idea is well expressed in Blake’s anecdote: ‘Cowper came to me and said: O that I were insane
always. I will never rest. Can you not make me truly insane? I will never rest till I am so. O that in the
bosom of God I was hid.’Blake:CompleteWritings, p. 772. Ed./trans.]
(^59) This is the purport of Shakespeare’s verses in sonnet 53: ‘Describe Adonis, and the counterfeit / Is
poorly imitated after you; / On Helen’s cheek all art of beauty set / And you in Grecian tires are
painted new / Speak of the spring, and the foison of the year: / The one doth shadow of your beauty
show, / The other as your bounty doth appear, / And you in every blessed shape we know.’
(^60) Rūmī,Kulliyāt-iShams, ed. Furūzānfar, vol. 4, p. 302,ghazal1620, v. 16957.Havasī-astdarsar-imanki
sar-ibasharnadāram.Manazīnhavaschunānamkizikhwudkhabarnadāram.
(^61) Dīvān-i ... Sanā’ī, ed. Raḍavī, p. 546.Bā nafasash siḥr-namāyān-i Hind. Dar havasash chihra-gushāyān-i
Chīn.
(^62) Dīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed. Khānlarī,ghazal261: 6.‘Ishq-bāzīkār-ibāzīnīstaydilsarbibāz/varnagūyi‘ishqnatvan
zadbi-chūgān-ihavas.
(^63) Ibid.,ghazal57: 8.Niīnzamāndil-iḤāfiẓdarātash-ihavasast/kidāghdār-iazalhamchūlālih-ikhvud-
ru’ast.
(^64) Rūmī,Kulliyāt-iShams, ed. Furūzānfar, vol. 6, pp. 15–16,ghazal2637, vv. 27975–8.Imrūzsamā‘astu
sharāb-astuṣurāḥī;yikSāqī-yibad-mast,yikījam‘-imubāḥī./Zānjins-imubāḥīkayazānsū-yiwujūd-ast;
nayibāḥatī-yigīj,hashīshmuzhājī./[Rūḥī’stmubāḥīkayazānrūḥchishīda-ast./Kūrūḥ-iqadīmīukujā
rūḥ-i riyāḥī./Dar pīsh-i chinīn fitna va dar dast-i chinīn may: Yā Rabb! chih shavad jān-i musalmān-i
ṣalāḥī.]
(^65) See the sameghazal2637, v. 27986.
(^66) Dīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed. Khānlarī,ghazal278: 6.Dilādilālat-ikhayratkunambirāh-inajāt.Makanbifisqmubāḥāt
uzuhdhammafarūsh.
(^67) Rūmī,Kulliyāt-iShams, ed. Furūzānfar, vol. 4, p. 36,ghazal1685, v. 17660.Darjurm-itawbakardan,
būdīmtābigardan/Aztawbahā-yikarda,īnbārtawbakardam.
(^68) Mathnawī, ed. Nicholson, VI: 897–902; VI: 969–70.
(^69) Rūmī,Kulliyāt-iShams, ed. Furūzānfar, vol. 4, p. 66,ghazal1735, v. 18199.Zihīgunāhkikufr-asttawba
kardanazū/Nipas,ṭarīq-igurīzvanipīshjā-yimaqām.
(^70) Kulliyāt-iSa‛dī, p. 546.
(^71) Dīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed. Khānlarī,ghazal20: 2. Trans. Bly and Lewisohn,Angels, p. 59.
(^72) See my ‘Of Scent and Sweetness’, pp. 49–51.
(^73) The original Persian readskhūn-ijigar, literally meaning ‘the liver’s blood’, but by extension signifies
bitterly wept tears that are ‘bloody tears torn from the heart’, or ‘tears of blood drawn out of the gut’.
(^74) Manṭiqal-ṭayr, ed. Gawharīn, vv. 1269–70; 1277–80; translation by Davis and Darbandi,TheConference
oftheBirds, pp. 61–2.