106
(^75) See ‘Attar,TheConferenceoftheBirds, translation by Davis and Darbandi, ‘The Story of Shaykh Sam‘an’,
pp. 57–75.
(^76) [On which, see: Javad Nurbakhsh,Sufi Symbolism, I, see ‘Part 2: Sufi Symbolism of Wine, Music,
Mystical Audition (Samā‘) and Convivial Gatherings’, pp. 125–214. Ed./trans.]
(^77) [For a thorough discussion of this theme in Ḥāfiẓ’s poetry, see Leili Anvar-Chenderoff’s essay in this
volume. Ed./trans.]
(^78) [On the mystical theology of ‘true idolatry’, see Lewisohn,Beyond Faith and Infidelity, chap. 8.
Ed./trans.]
(^79) Mādarpiyāla‘aks-irukh-iyārdīda-īm.Aybīkhabarziladhat-ishurb-imudām-imā.InDīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed.
Khānlarī,ghazal11: 2.
(^80) Qur’ānVII: 172. [For further discussion of the role played by this key Qur’ānic motif in Ḥāfiẓ’s poems,
see Leili Anvar’s essay in this volume. Ed./trans.]
(^81) Dīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed. Khānlarī,ghazal273: 1 [Readingtalkhformast. Ed./trans.]
(^82) Kulliyāt-iSa‛dī, p. 509. [This is similar to Alexander Pope’s thesis at the conclusion of his Essay on Man
(IV: 315–20) that ‘Virtue alone is Happiness here below’, describing Virtue as: ‘The joy unequal’d, if its
end it gain, / And if it lose, attended with no pain: / Without satiety, tho’ ever so blest, / And but
more relish’d as the most distressed. / The broadest mirth unfeeling Folly wears, / Less pleasing far
than Virtue’s very tears’. Ed./trans.]
(^83) Dīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed. Khānlarī,ghazal426: 9. Trans. Bly and Lewisohn,Angels, p. 48.
(^84) Dīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed. Khānlarī,ghazal21: 1.
(^85) Ibid.,ghazal22: 5.
(^86) Ibid.,ghazal144: 5.
(^87) From hisSharaf-nāma, in Dastgirdī (ed.),Kulliyāt-iḤakīmNiẓāmīGanjavī, pp. 602 (7: 1–2); 615 (11: 1–2).
(^88) Trans. Homerin,‘UmarIbnal-Fāriḍ:SufiVerse, p. 50.
(^89) Mathnawī, ed. Nicholson, I: 133.
(^90) Ibid., III: 1433.
(^91) Kitāb-iFihimāfihi, ed. Furūzānfar, p. 105; trans. Arberry,TheDiscoursesofRumi, p. 116.
(^92) Dīvān-iKhwājaḤāfiẓ-iShīrāzī, ed. Anjawī-Shīrāzī, p. 205.Mankiimrūzambihisht-inaqdḥāṣilmishavad,
Va‘da-yifardā-yizāhidrachirābavarkunam?
(^93) Kulliyāt-iSa‛dī, p. 443.Bakht-ijavāndāradānkibātuqarīnast/Pīrnagardadkidarbihisht-ibarīnast.
(^94) Mathnawī, ed. Nicholson, IV: 3262.
(^95) Qur’ān, XXI: 68–9; XXIX: 24. [See Khurramshāhī (ed.),Dānishnāma-yi Qur’ān, s.v. ‘Nimrūd’, II, pp.
2273–4. Ed./trans.]
(^96) [See Humā’ī,Funūn-ibalāghat, pp. 328–31; Browne,LiteraryHistoryofPersia, II, pp. 77–80. Ed./trans.]
(^97) Dīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed. Khānlarī,ghazal27: 2.
(^98) Kulliyāt-iSa‛dī, p. 551.
(^99) Ibid., p. 568.
(^100) [See Moayyad, ‘Farhād’,EIr, IX, pp. 257–8. Ed./trans.]
(^101) Chigil is a city near the Kazakhstan border, not far from Kashgar in Xinjiang, renowned for its
beautiful women.
(^102) Dīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed. Khānlarī,ghazal461: 5.
(^103) [See Khaleghi-Motlagh, ‘Bīžān’,EIr, IV, pp. 309–10. Ed./trans.]
(^104) [See Yarshater, ‘’Afrāsīāb’,EIr, I, pp. 570–6. Ed./trans.]
(^105) Dīvān-iḤāfiẓ, ed. Khānlarī,ghazal182: 4.
(^106) Ibid.,ghazal59: 6.
(^107) Ibid.,ghazal19: 7. [This is a reference to Qur’ān, XXVI: 119–20: ‘And we saved him [Noah] and those
with him in the laden ship. Then afterwards drowned the others.’ Ed./trans.]
(^108) From hisKhusrawvaShīrīn, in Dastgirdī (ed.),Kulliyāt-iḤakīmNiẓāmīGanjavī, p. 81.
ḤāfiẓandtheReligionofLoveinClassicalPersianPoetry