Note on Translations Quoted
Most translations offered for quoted passages (Vedic, Avestan, Greek, Old
Norse, etc.) are my own. For the Indian epics I normally use the available
volumes of the Chicago translation of the Maha ̄bha ̄rata and the Princeton
translation of the Ra ̄ma ̄yan
̇
a;^1 for MBh. 10, W. J. Johnson, The Sauptika-
parvan of the Maha ̄bha ̄rata (Oxford 1998); for other books of MBh., the old
version by K. M. Ganguli published under the name of P. C. Roy, The Maha-
bharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (Calcutta 1884–94). For the Sha ̄h-na ̄ma
I have generally used the abridged version by Reuben Levy (see Bibliography).
The Armenian oral epic Sassountsy David is quoted from the translation by
A. K. Shalian, David of Sassoun (Athens, Ohio 1964), the Táin bó Cúailnge
from Cecile O’Rahilly’s bilingual editions (see Abbreviations list), and Y
Gododdin from J. T. Koch’s version in Koch–Carey (2000) (Bibliography).
Sources of other translations used are indicated as they occur.
(^1) MBh. 1–5 by J. A. B. van Buitenen, 11–12. 167 by J. L. Fitzgerald (Chicago 1973–2004);
Rm. 1 by R. P. Goldman, 2–3 by S. I. Pollock, 4 by R. Lefeber, 5 by R. P. and S. J. S. Goldman
(Princeton 1984–96).