Dollinger index

56 ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Recent immigrants and refugees are also affected by negative displacement. Because

they are on the outer fringes of the economy and of society, they are sensitive to the

allure of self-employment; having no one to depend on, they depend on no one. In soci-

FIGURE 2.3 Percentage of U.S Entrepreneurs by Level of Education

Tech/professional school/business school

Post high school/no degree

College degree

High school dropout

Post college experience

High school graduate

Grade school

SOURCE: Kauffman Foundation, Babson College. Reported in The Wall Street Journal, September 7, 2004: B4.

17.8

13.7

12.8

12.0

11.4

10.4

6.2

%

Negative displacement

Immigrant status

Fired

Angered, bored

Middle-aged

Divorced

FIGURE 2.2 The Supply of Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurial event

Initiative taking

Consolidation of resources

Management of organization

Relative autonomy

Risk bearing

Positive push

Strong father

Career

Education

Experience

Perceptions of feasibility

Support

Demonstration

Models

Mentors

Positive pull Partners

From partner

From mentor

From investor

From customer

Entrepreneurship

Between things

Army

School

Prison

Perceptions of desirability

Culture

Family

Colleagues

Mentors

Peers

Impetus for

Entrepreneurship Situational Characteristics

¾

¾

¾ ¾ ¾

¾ ¾