phase 15
‘ABCD’ rule, antihypertensive drugs 187
abciximab 93, 209
Aberdeen–Dundee intensive monitoring system
65
ablation therapy, cardiac dysrhythmias 222
absence seizures, drugs for 134
absorption of drugs 17, 18
children 52, 54
drug interactions 75
tetracyclines 329, 389
elderly patients 56
eye 21, 423, 429
folate 392
heart failure 34
iron 389
kidney disease on 35
nose 21
oral route 19–20
skin 20–1, 22, 414
children 52, 54
abuse of substances 433–43
acamprosate 441
acarbose 290
accumulation of drugs 13, 14
acetazolamide 274–5, 426
N-acetyl-benzoquinone imine (NABQI) 27
acetyl cysteine 30, 242, 260, 447
acetylation 25
acetylator status 80–1, 82
acetylcholine receptor agonists 7
acetylcholinesterase, deficiency in Alzheimer’s
disease 131
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, adverse effects on
lungs 243
ACIC-TP (aciclovir phosphates) 345
aciclovir 345–6
eye 427
herpes simplex in HIV infection 359
skin infections 417
acid secretion, stomach 247, 248
acidic drugs, renal reabsorption 32
acidification of urine 279
acipimox 181
acitretin 416
acne 411–12
drugs causing 418
acquired immune deficiency syndrome seeHIV
infection
acrivastine 405
acromegaly 316–17
activated charcoal 445, 446
activated partial thromboplastin time, heparin
therapy 206
active immunity 399
active transport
distal renal tubular reabsorption 33
gastrointestinal drug absorption 19–20
acute bronchitis 235
acute coronary syndrome 198, 199
see alsomyocardial infarction
acute intermittent porphyria 81 , 84, 154
adalimumab 171
addictionseedependence on drugs
adefovir dipivoxil 261, 349
adenosine 225–6
dipyridamole and 209, 226
adenylyl cyclase 208
β 2 -adrenoceptor agonists on 236–7
lithium on 121
Parkinson’s syndrome 124
adjuvant chemotherapy 367
adjuvants (immune) 407
adrenal cortex
hormones 302–5
see alsocorticosteroids
suppression 302, 306, 414
tetracosactide test 318
adrenal medulla, hormones 305–6
adrenaline 227, 305
anaphylactic shock 405, 406
cardiopulmonary resuscitation 221
with local anaesthetics 153
adrenoceptor(s)
classification 7
eye 424
-adrenoceptor antagonists 193
on bladder 279
for prostatic obstruction 280
2 -adrenoceptor agonists 150, 426
-adrenoceptor antagonists 189–90, 201
for cardiac dysrhythmias 223–4
eye, systemic absorption 429
heart failure 190, 214
hyperthyroidism 294
ischaemic heart disease 198, 199, 201
migraine prophylaxis 143
portal hypertension 261
verapamil and 191, 192, 224, 225
withdrawal 10
2 -adrenoceptor agonists 236–7
asthma 234
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 236
adrenocorticotrophic hormone 318
adsorption, on apparent volume of distribution
12
advanced life support 220–1
adverse effects of drugs 3–4, 62–70
children 54–5
combinations to minimize 72
cytotoxic drugs 369–71
drug interactions 73–7
elderly patients 56
on eye 428
on lungs 243
on skin 417–19
see also underskin
afterload, cardiac 212
age-related macular degeneration 428
agonists 6, 7
dose–response curves 6
agranulocytosis 69
clozapine 113
AIDSseeHIV infection
airways obstruction, -adrenoceptor antagonists
190
akathisia 112, 126
albumin
liver disease 37–8, 274
nephrotic syndrome 273alcohol 439–42
metronidazole and 330, 442
pregnancy 50, 440
procarbazine and 373
sensitivity 80
sleep and 107
withdrawal, antipsychotic drugs and 115
see alsoalcoholism
alcohol dehydrogenase 25
alcoholism 440–2
thiamine 266
aldesleukin (interleukin-2) 384, 407
aldosterone 305
aldosterone antagonists 193, 305
heart failure 214
myocardial infarction 200
alefacept 415
alemtuzumab 383
alfentanil 150, 161
alginate, reflux oesophagitis 252
alkalinization of urine 279
alkalosis, loop diuretics 275
alkylating agents 372–3
aplastic anaemia 395
allergic asthma 233
omalizumab for 241
allergic rhinitis 405, 406
allergy
adverse drug reactions 63, 66–7
lungs 243
mediator blocking 405–6
allopurinol 172–3
ciclosporin and 402
6-mercaptopurine and 173, 376–7
allylamines 343
alopecia
androgenic 412
cytotoxic drugs 371
drugs causing 418
alprostadil
cavernosal injection 315
ductus arteriosus 313
alteplase 199, 202
alternative medicines 97–102
altitude sickness, acetazolamide 274
aluminium hydroxide 250
Alzheimer’s disease 131–2
amantadine
elderly patients 58
influenza 348
Parkinson’s disease 126
amikacin 328
plasma concentrations 42
amiloride 276
hyperkalaemia 280
-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 133
aminoglutethimide 384
aminoglycosides 327–8
ciclosporin and 402
eye 427
plasma concentration monitoring 42
platinum compounds and 374
renal failure 37
urinary tract infections 33
5-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, induction 84INDEX
Note: Page numbers in italicsrefer to figures and tables.