Cushing’s syndrome 302
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)
2 -adrenoceptor agonists on 236–7
lithium on 121
Parkinson’s syndrome 124
cyclizine 254, 405
cyclo-oxygenases 157, 167
inhibitorsseeCOX-2 inhibitors, selective; non-
steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
plateletsvsendothelium 202
cyclopentolate 425
cyclophosphamide 372–3
aplastic anaemia 395
cycloplegia 425
cycloserine 338
CYP2C9polymorphism 80
CYP2C19polymorphism 80
CYP2D6gene 79, 80
CYP450 enzymes seecytochrome P450 enzymes
cyproheptadine, migraine prophylaxis 144
cyproterone 314, 384, 411, 412
cysteinuria, acetazolamide for 274
cysteinyl leukotrienes 240
cystic fibrosis
drug disposition 34
gene therapy 94–5
cysticercosis, drugs for 365
cytarabine 377
cytochrome-haem P450 enzymes (fungal) 341
cytochrome P450 enzymes 24–5, 26 , 29
antituberculous drugs and 339
carbamazepine on 135
ciclosporin and 402
cimetidine on 250
combined oral contraceptives and 310
fluconazole on 342
herbal remedies see underalternative medicines
imatinib and 381
induction 27–8
inhibition 28, 76
protease inhibitors and 356
rifampicin on 337
warfarin 208
cytokine inhibitors 171
cytokine release syndrome 403
cytomegalovirus 359
cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase inhibitors 380–1
cytosine arabinoside 377
cytotoxic drugs
adverse effects 369–71
alkylating agents 372–3
antibiotics 377–8
antimetabolites 374–7
general principles 367–9
hyperuricaemia from 172
intravenous route 22
microtubular inhibitors 379–80
platinum compounds 373–4
topoisomerase inhibitors 378–9
D 4 dopamine receptors, schizophrenia 110
daclizumab 404
dantrolene 128, 152
dapsone 339, 364
darbepoietin 392–4
dasatinib 381
DC cardioversion 221
death certificates, adverse drug reactions 66
decongestants 406
deep vein thrombosis, heparins for 205
defibrillation 221
dehydration 277
see alsooral rehydration preparations
dehydropeptidase I 327
delavirdine 355
delayed hypersensitivity reactions 66–7, 400
delirium tremens 441
delivery (childbirth), drugs on 46
demeclocycline 277, 318
dental procedures, infective endocarditis 325
5-deoxy fluorodeoxyuridine (5-dFdU) 376
dependence on drugs 433–4
benzodiazepines 108
depolarizing muscle relaxants 150–1, 152
depot injections
antipsychotics 21, 111
contraceptives 310–11
testosterone 314
depression 107, 116–23
self-poisoning and 449
dermatitis 66–7, 413–14, 417, 418
desensitization
drug allergies 67
receptors 9
desflurane 147
desmopressin 277–8, 318, 395
dexamethasone 305
as anti-emetic 255
dexmetomidine 150
dextromethorphan 242
dextropropoxyphene
interaction with warfarin 208
poisoning 448–9
diabetes insipidus 277–8
thiazides for 276
diabetes mellitus 285–91
ACEIs 187, 189
-adrenoceptor antagonists 75, 190
elderly patients 59
thiazides 192
dialysis, poison elimination 13, 446, 448
diamorphine (heroin) 161, 434, 435, 442
diarrhoea 258–9
camptothecins 378
diazepam 108, 149
rectal 54, 140
for spasticity 128
didanosine 354
diet
atheroma 179
cirrhosis 274
diabetes mellitus 286
fibre 256, 257, 264
protein restriction 260
diethylstilbestrol 46–7
diffusion
drug absorption 19
placenta 45
diffusion hypoxia, nitrous oxide 147
digoxin
amiodarone and 225
calcium chloride and 227
for cardiac dysrhythmias 226
elderly patients 59
glomerular filtration 31
heart failure 214–15
loading doses 14
renal failure 36
plasma concentration
monitoring 42
tissue concentration vs 41–2
quinidine and 73
renal failure 36
thyroid disease 39
verapamil and 225
dihydrocodeine 162
dihydrofolate reductase 374
dihydropyridine dehydrogenase deficiency 376
diltiazem 198
ciclosporin and 402
dinoprostone 312
dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate 257diphenhydramine 405
diphenoxylate 258
Diphyllobothrium latum, drugs for 365
dipipanone 434
dipivefrine 305
dipyridamole 209
adenosine and 209, 226
disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
(DMARDs) 169–71
disopyramide 222
dissecting aortic aneurysms, -adrenoceptor
antagonists 189–90
dissociation equilibrium constant (KB)9
distal tubular reabsorption 32–3
distribution of drugs 11
children 52
drug interactions 75
elderly patients 57
heart failure 35
liver disease 38
renal failure 35–6
see alsovolume of distribution (Vd)
disulfiram 441
diuresis
for poisoning 446
on renal clearance 32
diuretics 274–6, 280
ACEIs and 187, 188
cirrhosis 274
elderly patients 59
heart failure 213
hypertension 192
nephrotic syndrome 35, 37
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and 168
potassium-sparing 276, 278, 280
for volume overload 273
weight loss 264
DNA, particle-mediated epidermal delivery 95
DNA therapies 92–6
DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors 378
DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors 379
DNA vaccines 93, 95
docetaxel 380
domperidone 126, 142, 254
donepezil 131–2
L-dopaseelevodopa
dopa decarboxylase inhibitors 125–6
dopamine
drug dependence 434
drugs increasing release 126
schizophrenia 110, 111
dopamine antagonists 254
dopamine receptors
agonists 125, 126–7
D 4 , schizophrenia 110
Parkinson’s syndrome 124
dorzolamide 274, 426
dosage
children 54
renal failure 37
dose-dependent pharmacokinetics seenon-linear
pharmacokinetics
dose ratio 8, 9
dose–response curves 6, 8
steepness and adverse effects 72, 73
double-blind design of trials 88
doxazosin 193
doxorubicin 377, 378
doxycycline 329
malaria prophylaxis 362
Dracunculus medinensis, metronidazole 365
driving, epilepsy 140
drospirenone 308
drug abuse 433–43
drug development 4, 86–91
process 89–90INDEX 455