non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 167–9
asthma 168–9, 243
elderly patients 60
eye 427
hyperkalaemia 280
methotrexate and 375
peptic ulcers 247, 249, 252
post-operative pain 163
renal failure 37
topical 158
warfarin and 208
norelgestromin 308
norethisterone 308
ciclosporin and 402
nortestosterone derivatives 308
nose, drug absorption 21
nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase
inhibitors 353–4
nucleoside analogues 345–7
nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor 354
nystatin 341
obesity 262–3
atheroma 179
oblimersen 382
obstructive uropathy
-adrenoceptor antagonists for 280
drug-induced 69
occlusion, drugs and skin 20, 22
occupational hazards, inhalational anaesthetics
147–8
octreotide 316–17
oesophageal varices 261, 317
oedema 211
oesophageal varices 261
octreotide 261, 317
oesophagitis
bisphosphonates 299
reflux 252
pregnancy 49
oestrogens 307–8
with cyproterone for acne 411
hormone replacement therapy 311, 312
on liver 262
for malignant disease 384
malignant disease from 308
thrombosis 204–5
see alsophytoestrogens
olanzapine 114
olsalazine 19, 255
omalizumab, asthma 235, 241
omeprazole 251
on-off phenomena, levodopa 125
onchocerciasis, drug for 366
oncogenes 367
ophthalmopathy, Graves’ 295
opioids 159–64
abuse 434–7
for anaesthesia 149–50
antagonists 10, 162
compounds with paracetamol 448–9
for diarrhoea 258
on fetus 48
hypothyroidism 39
intensive care 150
liver disease 261
poisoning 446
pregnancy 48–9
receptors 159–60
opportunistic infections
HIV infection 357–9
immunosuppression 400
oprelvekin 394
oral contraceptives
combined 308–10, 311, 315
see alsocontraceptives (hormonal)
oral hypoglycaemic agents 288–90
elderly patients 59
oral rehydration preparations 258
oral route 18, 19–20
absorption via 17
liquid preparations 52, 54
presystemic metabolism 17, 18, 28–9
organic anions and cations, proximal tubular
secretion 31–2
organogenesis 46
organophosphates 449
orlistat 263–4, 265
oseltamivir phosphate 348
Osmosin 20
osmotic diuretics 276
osmotic laxatives 257
osteoarthritis, glucosamine 101
osteomalacia 300
osteoporosis 297, 300
heparin 206
pregnancy 50
oestrogens 307, 311
ototoxicity
aminoglycosides 328
cisplatin 373–4
furosemide 275
overdoses
aspirin 157, 158
barbiturates 442
Cafergot 144
iron preparations 390
local anaesthetics 153
opioids 435
paracetamol 27, 30, 156, 445, 446–7
dextropropoxyphene with 448–9
self-poisoning 444–9
overhydration 276–7
ovulation, induction 317
oxaliplatin 374
oxidation 25
microsomal 24–5
oxybutynin 279
oxygen therapy
bleomycin lung 385
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 236
myocardial infarction 198
respiratory failure 241–2
oxytocin 312–13, 318
paclitaxel 379–80
Paget’s disease, bisphosphonates 299
pain 155, 156
adenosine 226
post-operative 163–4
terminal disease 162–3
see alsoanalgesics
pancreatic enzyme replacement 259
H 2 -receptor antagonists and 250, 259
pancreatic insufficiency 259
pancreatin 259
pancreatitis, drugs associated 259
pancuronium 151
papaverine 159
papilloma virus 417
para-aminohippuric acid 31–2
para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) 338
paracetamol 156
migraine 142
overdoses 27, 30, 156, 445, 446–7
co-proxamol 448–9
parallel-group studies 88
parasympathomimetic drugs, adverse effects on
lungs 243
parathyroid hormone 297
parenteral iron 390–1
Parkinson’s syndrome 124–8paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias 221–2
partial agonists 7 , 9
-adrenoceptor antagonists 190
dose–response curves 6
partial gastrectomy, iron absorption 389
partial pressure, anaesthetics 145
partial seizures, drugs for 134
particle-mediated epidermal delivery of DNA 95
PAS (para-aminosalicylic acid) 338
passive diffusion
drug absorption 19
placenta 45
passive immunity 399
patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) 163
PC-SPES (herbal product), withdrawal 101
peak flow monitoring, asthma 235
peak plasma concentration 13, 14
monitoring 42
renal failure 37
time to (Tmax)18
PEG-filgrastim 394
PEG-ylated interferons 349
pegaptanib 428
peginterferon alfa-2a, viral hepatitis 261
pegvisomant 316
pellagra 267
penciclovir 347
skin infections 417
penicillamine 170 , 171
penicillin
allergy 66
intrathecal 22
proximal tubular secretion 31–2
penicillin G 326
penicillinase 325
penicillins 325–7
pentamidine
foscarnet and 346
Pneumocystis carinii 357–8
pentazocine 162
peppermint oil 259
pepsin, antacids on 249
peptic ulcer 247–52
pregnancy 49
percutaneous coronary intervention 197–8, 200
peripheral vascular resistance 185, 186
permissive hypothesis, mood disorders 116
pernicious anaemia 391
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 182
perphenazine 254
personalized medicine 79, 92
pethidine 161
on fetus 48
pH
stomach, renal disease on 35
urineseeurinary pH
phaeochromocytoma 305
pharmaceutical drug interactions 71, 74, 75
pharmacodynamics 4, 6–10
children 53
drug interactions 71
elderly patients 57–8
inhalational anaesthetics 146
pharmacogenetics 79–85
pharmacokinetics 4–5, 11–16
children 52–3
drug concentration measurement 41–2
drug interactions 71, 72, 75–7
elderly patients 56–7
formulations 18
gastrointestinal disease 34
gastrointestinal tract 19–20
grapefruit juice on 408
heart failure 34–5
lithium 122
liver disease 37–8, 40INDEX 461