pharmacokinetics (Contd)
non-linear 15–16
first-pass metabolism 29
phenytoin 16, 136–7
placenta 45
pregnancy 47
renal disease 35–7
St John’s wort 101
thyroid disease 38–9
pharmacovigilance 63–6
phencyclidine 149, 437
phenindione 207
phenobarbital 137
metabolism 25
phenothiazines
as anti-emetics 254
antipsychotic 111–13
phenoxybenzamine 193, 305
phenoxymethylpenicillin 326
phenylephrine 425
phenylethanolamineN-methyltransferase 27
phenytoin 133, 136–7
ciclosporin and 402
hepatotoxicity 263
intoxication epidemic 17
metabolism 24
osteomalacia 300
pharmacokinetics 16, 136–7
plasma concentration monitoring 42, 49
renal failure 36
sulphonamides and 330
pholcodine 242
phosphate enemas 257
phosphatidyl inositides, lithium on 121
phosphodiesterase inhibitors 215, 280, 315
photoallergy 419
photosensitivity 67, 417–19
amiodarone 224
drugs causing 418
physiological antagonism 8
phytoestrogens
ginseng as 98
soy 100
phytomedicines 97
Pickwickian syndrome 241
pigmentation, drugs causing 418
pimozide, dysrhythmias 350
pioglitazone 290
pituitary hormones 316–19
pityriasis capitis 416
pizotifen 143
pKa, on renal excretion 32
placebos 88
placenta, pharmacokinetics 45
plant fibre, dietary 256, 257, 264
plasma concentration
monitoringseetherapeutic drug monitoring
seeconcentrations of drugs
plasma volume
on apparent volume of distribution 12
pregnancy 47
plasminogen 179
Plasmodiumspp. 361–2
platelets
cyclo-oxygenases 202
heparin on 206
see alsoantiplatelet drugs; aspirin; clopidogrel
platinum compounds 373–4
Pneumocystis carinii 357–8
drugs for 365
pneumonitis, interstitial, bleomycin 385
poisoning 444–50
accidental 449
dialysis for 13, 446, 448
drug concentration measurement 41
polar drugs seewater-solubility
polyenes 341
polypharmacy 5, 59–60, 71–2
poor metabolizers 79
porphyrias 81 , 84, 154
thiopental 148
portal hypertension 261
octreotide 317
portocaval anastomoses 28, 38
posaconazole 343
positron emission tomography, Alzheimer’s
disease 131
post-coital contraceptives 310
post-marketing surveillance 64–5, 90
post-operative antibiotics 325
post-operative fluid replacement 277
post-operative pain 163–4
post-partum period, anticoagulants 209
posterior pituitary hormones 318
postural hypotension, elderly patients 57–8
potassium 278–9
ACEIs 188
diuretics 192, 275, 276
drugs affecting levels 69
calcium chloride 227
elderly patients 59
heart failure treatment 213
ketoacidosis 287
laxative abuse 258
liver disease 38, 40
supplements 278
suxamethonium 152
tricyclic antidepressant poisoning 448
potassium iodide 293
potassium permanganate 413
potassium-sparing diuretics 276, 278, 280
potency 6–7
nitrous oxide 146
pravastatin 180
prazosin 193
preclinical studies 4, 87
prednisolone 169, 304–5
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 395
inflammatory bowel disease 255
myasthenia gravis 130
pregnancy 45–51
alcohol 50, 440
anticoagulants 50, 209
antithyroid drugs 295
antituberculous drugs and 339
iron and folate 392
malaria prophylaxis 362
misoprostol 49, 251
radioactive iodine and 295
smoking 50, 438
vitamin A and 266
zidovudine 353
see alsofetus; teratogenesis
preload, cardiac 212
premature infants
drug elimination 53
indometacin 46
premedication for anaesthesia 150
preoperative prophylaxis with antibiotics 325
prescriptions
controlled drugs 436–7
error avoidance 3, 243
genericvsproprietary name 17–18
presystemic metabolism 17, 18, 28–9
prilocaine 153
primaquine
G6PD deficiency and 83
malaria 362, 364
Pneumocystis carinii 358
probe drug substrates, enzyme induction 28
probenecid 173
aciclovir and 345methotrexate and 375
proximal tubular secretion 31–2
zidovudine and 354
procainamide
cimetidine and 250
slow acetylators 81, 82
procaine benzylpenicillin 326
procarbazine 373
prodrugs 18, 19
progestogen-only contraceptives 310–11
progestogens 307, 308, 309, 384
on fetus 50
hormone replacement therapy 308, 312
proguanil 362, 364
promethazine 254, 405
prophylaxis
with antibiotics 325
malaria 361, 362
G6PD deficiency 366
migraine 143–4
propofol 148–9
proprietary products, bioavailability 17–18
propylthiouracil 294
pregnancy 295
prostacyclin 208–9
prostaglandins 313
analogues 426
see alsomisoprostol
as drugs 312–13
gastroprotection 247
NSAIDs on synthesis 168
renal failure 37
prostate carcinoma
hormone therapy 384
tumour flare reaction 318
prostatic obstruction 280
protamine sulphate 206
protease inhibitors (HIV) 355–6
boosted therapy 356, 360
interaction with garlic 98
proteasome inhibitors 382
protein binding
displacement 73
liver disease 38
nephrotic syndrome 37
phenytoin 137
pregnancy 47
proximal tubular secretion and 32
renal failure 35–6
protein C 207
protein restriction, dietary 260
proteinuria, penicillamine 171
prothionamide 338
prothrombin time 37–8
see alsointernational normalized ratio
proton-pump inhibitors 250, 251
reflux oesophagitis 252
triazoles and 343
provocation testing 63
proximal renal tubules, drug secretion 31–2
drug interactions 76
renal failure 36
pruritus, drugs causing 418
pseudocholinesterases, suxamethonium
sensitivity 80 , 81–2, 152
pseudohypoparathyroidism 298
pseudomembranous colitis 259
Pseudomonas seeantipseudomonal penicillins
psoralen with UVA light (PUVA) 414–16
psoriasis 414–16
psychedelics 437
psychosis
acute 114–15
amphetamines 438
Korsakoff’s 440
see alsoantipsychotic drugs; schizophrenia462 INDEX