tolerance 9, 433
benzodiazepines 108
nitrates 200, 201
opioids 160, 435–6
tonic–clonic seizures, drugs for 134
topiramate 138
migraine prophylaxis 143
topoisomerase inhibitors 378–9
topotecan 378
toremifene 312
total iron binding capacity (TIBC) 389–90
toxic epidermal necrolysis 419
drugs causing 418
toxic erythema, drugs causing 418
Toxocaraspp., drug for 365
Toxoplasma gondii 358–9
drugs for 365
trace elements 268–9
tramadol 161
transaminases 262
transdermal absorption seeskin, drug absorption
transferase reactions 25–7
transferrin 389, 390
transit time, gastrointestinal tract 20
transplantation of organs
interaction of anticonvulsants and
corticosteroids 74
malignant disease from immunosuppressive
drugs 400
transplantation of T-lymphocytes 95
transport mechanisms
gastrointestinal tract 19–20
see alsoactive transport
trastuzumab 93, 382–3
travellers’ diarrhoea 258–9
tremor 129
tri-iodothyronine 293
trials, clinical 5, 64, 86–8, 89–90
triamterene 276
triazoles 341, 342–3
tribavirin 347
trichinosis, drugs for 366
trichloroethylene, alcohol and 442
Trichomonas vaginalis, drugs for 365
Trichuris trichiura, drug for 365
tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) 117, 118–19
adrenaline and 227
drug interactions 120
elderly patients 58
poisoning 448
trimethoprim 330
@2:Pneumocystis carinii 358
teratogenesis 51
triparanol, fraud 91
triple response 404
triprolidine 405
triptans, migraine 142–3
trisilicates 250
iron absorption 389
tropicamide 425
trough plasma concentrations 14
monitoring 42
renal failure 37
trypanosomal infection 364, 365
L-tryptophan 122
tuberculosis 334–8, 339
combination therapy 72, 335–6, 338
HIV infection 338, 359
second-line drugs 338
tubulins, vinca alkaloids on 379
tumour flare reaction, prostate carcinoma
318
tumour necrosis factor inhibitors 171
tumour suppressor genes 367
two-compartment models 14–15, 16
tyrosine kinase inhibitors 380
cytoplasmic 380–1
ulcerative colitis 255–6
ultra-rapid metabolizers 79, 80
ultraviolet A light, psoralen with (PUVA)
414–16
unconscious patient, poisoning 446
United Kingdom, regulation of medicines 86
unlicenced drugs, children 55
unstable angina 196, 198–200
urge incontinence 279
uric acid, excess 171–3
uricosuric drugs 173
urinary pH
altering 279, 446, 448
drug reabsorption 32, 76–7
urinary tract
calculi, prevention with thiazides 276
infections
aminoglycosides 33
co-trimoxazole 51
pregnancy 51
mesna to protect 373
urticaria 67, 188, 400, 404, 416
drugs causing 418
uterus, halothane on 146vaccines 93, 95, 407
valaciclovir 347
valganciclovir 346–7
valve prostheses (cardiac), anticoagulants in
pregnancy 50
vancomycin 329–30
ciclosporin and 402
varenicline 439
variability, drug response 41, 79
varices, oesophageal 261
octreotide 261, 317
vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors
428
vasculitis 69, 418
vasoconstriction, ischaemic heart disease 196, 201
vasopressin 277–8, 318
oesophageal varices 261
Vaughan–Williams/Singh classification, anti-
dysrhythmic drugs 218, 219
vectors, gene therapy 92
vecuronium 150, 151
venlafaxine 118
overdose 448
venous thromboembolism
combined oral contraceptives 309
hormone replacement therapy^311
ventilation (artificial)
indications in acute asthma 234
poisoning 446
ventricular dysrhythmias 218, 222–3
fibrillation 221, 223
tricyclic antidepressant poisoning 448
verapamil 191
-adrenoceptor antagonists and 191, 192, 224,
225
for cardiac dysrhythmias 225
vigabatrin 133, 138
vinca alkaloids 379
viral infections 344
hepatitis 348–9
chronic 261
skin 417
see alsoanti-HIV drugs; antiviral agents; HIV
infection
visual fields, vigabatrin on 138
vitamin A 265–6
vitamin B 1 266
vitamin B 3 266–7
aspirin and 183
vitamin B 6 (pyridoxine) 267, 392
isoniazid and 336
vitamin B 12 391–2vitamin C 267–8
methotrexate and 375
vitamin D 297–8
analogues (calcipotriol), psoriasis 414
vitamin E 268
vitamin K, warfarin reversal 207
vitamins 265–8
volume depletion 277–8
volume of distribution (Vd) 12, 13
liver disease 38
pregnancy 47
volume overload 273–4
vomiting 253
cytotoxic drugs 369–70
diabetes mellitus 287
morphine 160
pregnancy 48–9
see alsoanti-emetics
von Willebrand’s disease, desmopressin 278
voriconazole 342–3
vorinostat 382
warfarin 207–8
drug interactions 73, 76, 77, 208
acitretin 416
alcohol 442
azoles 342, 350
cimetidine 252
combined oral contraceptives 310
elderly patients 58
pharmacogenetics 82
pregnancy 209
puerperium 209
warts 417
waterseevolume overload
water-solubility of drugs
drug metabolites 24
elderly patients 57
membrane permeability and 11
renal clearance and 31
volume of distribution and 13
pregnancy 47
Wernicke’s encephalopathy 440, 442
whipworm, drug for 365
whole bowel irrigation 445
withdrawal of drugs 62, 433
alcohol 441
antipsychotic drugs and 115
anticonvulsants 139–40
benzodiazepines 108
glucocorticoids 302
hypnotics 105
monoamine oxidase inhibitors 120
opioids 435–6
neonate 48
supersensitivity 10
withdrawal of herbal medicines from market 101
withdrawal of persons from clinical trials 88
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome 218
Wuchereria bancrofti, drug for 366
X-ray contrast media, reactions 404
xanthine oxidase 376
xanthines 439
yellow card scheme 64–5
zaleplon 109
zanamivir 348
zero-order kinetics 15
zidovudine 353–4
ganciclovir and 347
zileuton 240–1
zinc 269
Zollinger–Ellison syndrome 247
zolmitriptan 143
zolpidem 109
zopiclone 109INDEX 465