Ligament
A sheet or band of tough, fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages at a joint or
supporting an organ.
Light microscope (LM)
An optical instrument with lenses that refract (bend) visible light to magnify images of
specimens.
Light reactions
The steps in photosynthesis that occur on the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast and
convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH, evolving oxygen in the
process.
Lignin
A hard material embedded in the cellulose matrix of vascular plant cell walls that functions
as an important adaptation for support in terrestrial species.
Limbic system
A group of nuclei (clusters of nerve cell bodies) in the lower part of the mammalian
forebrain that interact with the cerebral cortex in determining emotions; includes the
hippocampus and the amygdala.
Lymphatic systems
The interconnected system of spaces and vessels between body tissues and organs by which
lymph circulates throughout the body.
Linkage
The tendency for certain alleles to be inherited together because they are located on the
same chromosome.
Linked genes
Genes that are located on the same chromosome.
Linkage group
A pair of homologous chromosomes.
Linkage map
A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing
over of homologous chromosomes. The greater the frequency of recombination between
two genetic markers, the farther apart they are assumed to be.
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