Cell wall
A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some
protists. In the case of plant cells, the wall is formed of cellulose fibers embedded in a
polysaccharide-protein matrix. The primary cell wall is thin and flexible, whereas the
secondary cell wall is stronger and more rigid, and is the primary constituent of wood.
Cellular differentiation
The structural and functional divergence of cells as they become specialized during a
multicellular organism's development; dependent on the control of gene expression.
Cellular respiration
The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which
oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.
Cellulose
A structural polysaccharide of cell walls, consisting of glucose monomers joined by (1-4)
glycosidic linkages.
Celsius scale
A temperature scale (°C) equal to 5/9 (°F – 32) that measures the freezing point of water at
0°C and the boiling point of water at 100°C.
Centrifugation process
An apparatus in which humans or animals are enclosed and which is revolved to simulate
the effects of acceleration in a spacecraft.
Centipede
A small wormlike creature with many legs.
Centrioles
One of two cylindrical cellular structures that are composed of nine triplet microtubules and
form the asters during mitosis.
Central nervous system (CNS)
In vertebrate animals, the brain and spinal cord.
Centrifugation
Centrifugation is a process that involves the use of the centrifugal force for the separation of
mixtures.
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