Endosymbiotic theory
A hypothesis about the origin of the eukaryotic cell, maintaining that the forerunners of
eukaryotic cells were symbiotic associations of prokaryotic cells living inside larger
prokaryotes.
Endothermic
Relating to a chemical reaction that obsorb heat.
Endothelium
The innermost, simple squamous layer of cells lining the blood vessels; the only constituent
structure of capillaries.
Endotherm
An animal that uses metabolic energy to maintain a constant body temperature, such as a
bird or mammal.
Endotoxin
A component of the outer membranes of certain gram-negative bacteria responsible for
generalized symptoms of fever and ache.
Energy
The capacity to do work by moving matter against an opposing force.
Energy of activation
The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start.
Enzymes
Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific
biochemical reactions. There are over 700 identified human enzymes.
Enhancer
A DNA sequence that recognizes certain transcription factors that can stimulate
transcription of nearby genes.
Entropy
A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness, symbolized by S.
Environmental grain
An ecological term for the effect of spatial variation, or patchiness, relative to the size and
behavior of an organism.
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