Microeconomics,, 16th Canadian Edition

Table 14-1 Union Coverage by Industry, 2018 occurred during and after the Second World War and during the 1960s. (Data are missi ...

There is considerable variation across Canadian industries in the extent of union coverage. The public sector and the educationa ...

Collective Bargaining The process by which unions and employers reach an agreement is known as collective bargaining. This proce ...

workforce is an effective way to reduce costs when business conditions deteriorate. Whatever unions’ specific goals, they must d ...

equilibrium wage differentials. Economists therefore rely on advanced statistical techniques to identify this union wage premium ...

absence of an employment effect is that unions use the collective bargaining process to pressure firms to hire more workers than ...

Figure 14-8 The Union Wage Premium and the Union Employment Effect featherbedding or advertising) can explain the absence of an ...

Labour unions have played a significant role in the economies of Canada, the United States, and Europe for many years. It is the ...

14.3 Income Inequality “By some estimates, income and wealth inequality are near their highest levels in the past hundred years, ...

labour, capital, and land. The payment to each factor was treated as the income of the respective social class. Smith and Ricard ...

Figure 14-9 Distribution of Family Income, 2015 Figure 14-9 shows the fraction of Canadian families with pre-tax incomes inside ...

Figure 14-10 The Lorenz Curve for Canadian Family Income, 2016 Another way to show the size distribution of income is found in F ...

distribution of after-tax income—income after taxes have been paid and transfers have been received. Since the after-tax income ...

Figure 14-11 Income Inequality in OECD Countries, 2015 sharing of economic and political power. However, even the richest develo ...

Income inequality is very different across countries. This figure shows the ratio of the after-tax income of the 90th percentile ...

Figure 14-12 Share of Total Income Received By the Top 1% of Earners, 1920–2012 Changing Income Shares Figure 14-12 shows the sh ...

The fraction of Canadian income accruing to the top 1 percent of earners has been rising in recentyears. This share fell noticea ...

and entertainers, make their incomes not by owning and operating a business but from working for employers. ...

Causes of Rising Income Inequality The causes of growing income inequality are actively debated among economists, as are the app ...

A further part of the argument that technological change is contributing to rising income inequality is that the same technologi ...