Ligases 229
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ends of bacteriophage lambda DNA. J. Mol. Biol. 35, 523-537. - Wallace, R. B., Johnson, P. F., Tanaka, S., Schold, M., Itakura, K., and Abelson,
J. (1980) Directed deletion of a yeast transfer RNA intervening sequence. Sci-
ence 209, 1396-1400. - Okayama, H. and Berg, P. (1982) High efficiency cloning of full length cDNA.
Mol. Cell Biol. 2, 161-170. - Gaastra, W. and Hansen, K. (1984) Ligation of DNA with T4 DNA ligase, in
Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2. Nucleic Acids (Walker, J. M., ed.),
Humana, Clifton, NJ, pp. 225-230. - Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T. (1989) Strategies for cloning in
plasmid vectors. Ligation of termini created by restriction enzymes. Ligases,
kinases and phosphatases, in Molecular Cloning, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, pp. 1.53-1.73, 5.10-5.14, 5.61-5.67. - Promega Protocols and Applications Guide (1989) Cloning of DNA Inserts.
Promega Corp., Madison, WI, p. 37. - Sgaramella, V. and Ehrlich, S. D. (1978) Use of the T4 polynucleotide ligase
in the joining of flush-ended DNA segments generated by restriction endo-
nucleases. Eur. J. Biochem. 86, 531-537. - Hung, M.-C. and Wensink, P. C. (1984) Different restriction enzyme gener-
ated sticky ends can be joined in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res. 12, 1863-1874. - Korch, C. (1987) Cross index for improving cloning selectivity by partially
filling in 5' extensions of DNA produced by type II restriction endonucleases.
Nucleic Acids Res. 15, 3199-3220. - Ferretti, L. and Sgaramella, V. (1981) Specific and reversible inhibiion of
the blunt end joining activity of the T4 DNA ligase. Nucleic Acids Res. 9,
3695-3705. - Rusche, J. R. and Howard-Flanders, P. (1985) Hexamine cobalt chloride pro-
motes intermoleclar ligation of blunt end DNA fragments by T4 DNA ligase.
Nucleic Aids Res. 13, 1997-2008. - Pheiffer, B. H. and Zimmerman, S. B. (1983) Polymer stimulated ligation:
enhanced blunt- or cohesive-end ligation of DNA or deoxyribooligonucleotides
by T4 DNA ligase in polymer solutions. Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 7853-7871. - Hayashi, K., Nakazawa, M., Ishizaki, Y., Hiraoka, N., and Obayashi, A. (1986)
Regulation of inter- and intra-molecular ligation in the presence of polyethyl-
ene glycol. Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 7617-7631. - Revie, D., Smith, D. W., and Yee, T. W. (1988) Kinetic analysis for optimisation
of DNA ligation reactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 16, 10,301-10,321. - Leis, J., Silbe, R., Malathi, V. G., and Hurwitz, J. (1972) Studies on transcrip-
tion and ligation of RNA, in Advances in the Biosciences, vol. 8 (Rasp6, G.,
ed.), Pergamon, New York, pp. 117-144. - Uhlenbeck, O. C. and Gumport, R. I. (1982) T4 RNA ligase, in The Enzymes
XV Part B (Boyer, P. D., ed.), Academic, New York, pp. 31-58. - Silber, R., Malathi, V. G., and Hurwitz, J. (1972) Purification and properties
of bacteriophage T4 induced RNA ligase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 69,
3009-3013.