equivalent of the metal. 2.Any
other type of electrolytic cell used for
measurement.
volumeSymbol V. The space occu-
pied by a body or mass ofÛuid.
volumetric analysisA method of
quantitative analysis using measure-
ment of volumes. For gases, the main
technique is in reacting or absorbing
gases in graduated containers over
mercury, and measuring the volume
changes. For liquids, it involves
*titrations.
von Baeyer nomenclature A sys-
tem of naming polycyclic compounds
originally introduced by Adolf von
Baeyer in 1900 and since extended.
A
- Information about the IUPAC system
VSEPR theory Valence-shell elec-
tron-pair repulsion theory; a theory
for predicting the shapes of mol-
ecules. See lone pair.
V-series See nerve agents.vulcanite(ebonite)A hard black in-
sulating material made by the vul-
canization of rubber with a high
proportion of sulphur (up to 30%).vulcanizationA process for hard-
ening rubber by heating it with sul-
phur or sulphur compounds.VXA highly toxic colourless oily liq-
uid, C 11 H 26 NO 2 PS; r.d. 1.01; m.p.
–50°C; b.p. 298°C. It is an organo-
phosphorus compound and is proba-
bly one of the most toxic of all
*nerve agents. VX was discovered in
1952 at the Porton Down research
station in Wiltshire. VX is the best
known of the V-series of nerve agents
(the V denotes very high persistence
in the environment). Other, less
known, members of the series in-
clude VG and VM, which are both
organophosphorus compounds re-
lated to VX.551 VX
v