BLBS102-c05 BLBS102-Simpson March 21, 2012 12:2 Trim: 276mm X 219mm Printer Name: Yet to Come
5 Water Chemistry and Biochemistry 105amount is needed for various industries and social activities
that support individuals. Furthermore, much more is required
for food production, maintaining a healthy environment, and
supporting lives in the ecosystems. Thus, one human may require
more than 1000 L of water per day. In view of these requirements,
a society has to develop policies for managing water resources
both near and far as well as in the short and long terms. This
chapter has no room to address the social and political issues,
but facts are presented for readers to formulate solutions to these
problems, or at least to ask questions regarding them. Based on
these facts, is scarcity of world water resources a reality or not?
A major threat to water resources is climate change, because
climate and weather are responsible for thehydrologic cycleof
salt and fresh waters. Of course, human activities influence the
climate in both short and long terms.
Based on the science of water, particularly its transformations
among solid, liquid, and vapor phases under the influence of en-
ergy, we easily understand that heat from the sun vaporizes water
from the ocean and land alike. Air movement carries the moisture
(vapor) to different places than those from which it evaporated.
As the vapor ascends, cooling temperature condenses the vapor
into liquid drops. Cloud and rain eventually develop, and rain
erodes, transports, shapes the landscape, creates streams and
rivers, irrigates, and replenishes water resources. However, too
much rain falling too quickly causes disaster in human life. On
the other hand, natural water management for energy and irri-
gation has brought prosperity to society, easing the effects on
humans of droughts and floods, when water does not arrive at
the right time and place.
Water is a resource. Competition for this resource leads to
“water war.” Trade in food and food aid is equivalent to flow
of water, because water is required for food production. Food
and water management, including wastewater treatment, enable
large populations to concentrate in small areas. Urban dwellers
take these commodities for granted, but water enriches life both
physically and mentally.ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The opportunity to put a wealth of knowledge in a proper per-
spective enticed me to a writing project, for which I asked more
questions and found their answers from libraries and the Internet.
I am grateful to all who have contributed to the understanding of
water. I thank Professors L. J. Brubacher and Tai Ping Sun for
their reading of the manuscript and for their suggestions. I am
also grateful to other scholars and friends who willingly shared
their expertise. The choice of topics and contents indicate my
limitations, but fortunately, readers’ curiosity and desire to know
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