Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder conditions (e.g., neoplasms, Huntington’s disease, central nervous ConditionThe American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2000) Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (i.e., a nent hallucinations and delusions that are judged to be directly prominent hallucinations and delusions that can be directly attrib-uted to a general medical condition. Examples of general medical conditions that may cause psychotic symptoms include neurologic Psychotic Disorder Due to a General Medical system [CNS] infections); endocrine conditions (e.g., hyperthy-roidism, hypothyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism); metabolic condi- 1. orders (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus); and others (e.g., flPredisposing Factorsor electrolyte imbalances, hepatic or renal diseases) (APA, 2000).tions (e.g., hypoxia, hypercarbia, hypoglycemia); autoimmune dis-The essential features of this disorder are the presence of promi-drug of abuse, a medication, or toxin exposure) (APA, 2000).Physiological a. Geneticsthe lifetime risk for developing schizophrenia is about 1% ing the disease than does the general population. Whereas schizophrenia have a much higher probability of develop- identifi. Studies show that relatives of individuals with Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders es the essential features of this disorder as Diagnostic and ●^ uid^107
2506_Ch05_105-124.indd 0107 2506 Ch 05 105 - 124 .indd 0107 c. b. brain, and related to an inflin most population studies, the siblings or offspring of the mother during the second trimester of pregnancy. The studies have shown a “disordering” of the pyramidal cells in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia, but the cells in the brains of individuals without the disorder appeared to be arranged in an orderly fashion. Further an identifiresea rch is requ i red to deter m i ne t he possible l i n k bet ween this birth defect and the development of schizophrenia.HistologicalThe Dopamine Hypothesisschizophrenia (Andreasen & Black, 2006). Twin and adop-schizophrenia (or schizophrenia-like symptoms) may be caused by an excess of dopamine-dependent neuronal activity in the brain. This excess activity may be related to tion studies add additional evidence for the genetic basis of schizophrenia.suggested that schizophrenic disorders may in fact be a birth defect, occurring in the hippocampus region of the ed client have a 5% to 10% risk of developing^ Changes. Jonsson and associates (1997) have uenza virus encountered by. This theory suggests that 10/1/10 9:34:17 AM 10 / 1 / 10 9 : 34 : 17 AM