- Psychosocial a. b. These patients have more relatives with mood disorders than stated:These functional imaging studies support a medial and orbitofrontal abnormality that may promote the impulsive aggression demonstrated by patients with the borderline personality disorder (p. 230). order clients report having been sexually abused, usually Geneticsexual and physical abuse; and serious parental psychopa-ized by trauma, neglect, and/or separation; exposure to implications for borderline personality disorder. Sadock and Sadock (2007) report that depression is common in the family backgrounds of clients with borderline person-ality disorder. They stated:sonality disorder] include family environments character-do control groups, and persons with borderline personality disorder often have mood disorder as well (p. 791). disorder.” From 40% to 71% of borderline personality dis-thology such as substance abuse and antisocial personality striatal regions of the brain. Cummings and Mega (2003) Childhood TraumaBelgrad (2008) stated, “Risk factors [for borderline per-in families with chaotic environments. Lubit and Finley-viduals with borderline personality disorder were reared. The decrease in serotonin may also have genetic. Studies have shown that many indi-Personality Disorders ●^279
2 2506_Ch16_275-309.indd 0279 506 Ch 16 275 - 309 .indd 0 279 b. child relates to the mother and does not separate from her. Mahler and associates (1975) defito childhood trauma and abuse. Oldham and associates of phases described as follows: (2006) stated:Even when full criteria for comorbid PTSD are not present, patients with borderline personality disorder may experi-ence PTSD-like symptoms. For example, symptoms such as [NIMH], 2009). In some instances, this disorder has intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal may emerge during psychotherapy. Awareness of the trauma-related nature of these symptoms can facilitate both psychotherapeutic and pharmacological efforts in symptom relief (p. 1267).by a noncaregiver (National Institute of Mental Health Theory of Object Relationsbeen likened to posttraumatic stress disorder in response the basis for borderline personality lies in the ways the •^ state. The main goal is fulfiPhase 1 (Birth to 1 month), Autistic Phase.and comfort.the infant’s time is spent in a half-waking, half-sleeping. This theory suggests that llment of needs for survival ne this process in a series Most of 1 10/1/10 9:36:56 AM 0 / 1 / 10 9 : 36 : 56 AM
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