had a hysterectomy but retain ovarian function. The diagnosis the last week of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and that year (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000).Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder● have occurred during a majority of menstrual cycles in the past Defimarked impairment in social or occupational functioning and Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is identifiis given only when the symptoms are suffivariety of physical and emotional symptoms that occur during Cremit within a few days after the onset of the follicular phase. In most women, these symptoms occur in the week before, and remit within a few days after, the onset of menses. The disorder has also been reported in nonmenstruating women who have Predisposing Factors to PMDDBACKGROUND ASSESSMENT DATAHAPTER ned^18 ciently severe to cause ed by a
2506_Ch18_320-328.indd Sec1:320 2506 Ch 18 320 - 328 .indd 1.^320 Sec 1 b. a.^ Physiological: 320 ance flNutritional. and linolenic acid have been suggested. Glucose toler-vitamins, calcium, magnesium, manganese, vitamin E, ciated with premenstrual syndrome.has other effects as well, resulting in the symptoms asso-causes water retention and that this hormonal imbalance estrogen-to-progesterone ratio during the luteal phase to PMDD. It is postulated that excess estrogen or a high progesterone has been implicated in the predisposition sensitivity to caffeine and alcohol may also play a role Biochemical. the exact role is unsubstantiated. Defibeen implicated in the etiology of PMDD, although disorder.in contributing to the symptoms associated with this uctuations, abnormal fatty acid metabolism, and An imbalance of the hormones estrogen and A number of nutritional alterations have ciencies in the B 1 10/1/10 9:37:27 AM 0 / 1 / 10 9 : 37 : 27 AM