Defied on Axis II in the APA (2000) Predisposing Factorsis essential that the nurse working with these clients understand normal behavior patterns characteristic of the infant, childhood, and adolescent years.● categorized (by IQ level) as follows: 1. ClassifiMental retardation is defiof Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000). Mental retardation is cod-functioning and adaptive functioning and measured by an indi-v idual’s performance on intelligence quot ient ( IQ) tests (A merican Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence Severe (IQ of 20–34)MENTAL RETARDATIONMild (IQ of 50–70)Moderate (IQ of 35–49) a. About 5% of cases of mental retardation are caused by Profound (IQ below 20)Physiological nedhereditary factors, such as Tay-Sachs disease, phenylke-such as Down syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome, have tonuria, and hyperglycinemia. Chromosomal disorders, also been implicated. cation (see Appendix L). Mental retardation is further ned by defiDiagnostic and Statistical Manual cits in general intellectual ●^15
2506_Ch02_014-053.indd Sec1:15 2506 Ch 02 014 - 053 .indd Symptomatology 2. S 1. At the mild level (IQ of 50–70), the individual can live in-ec 1 Social skills are possible, but the individual functions best in Psychosocial a. From 15% to 20% of cases of mental retardation are attrib- c. Mental retardation can occur as an outcome of childhood b. Events that occur during the prenatal period (e.g., fetal dependently but with some assistance. He or she is capable of sixth-grade–level work and can learn a vocational skill. : 15 uted to deprivation of nurturance and social, linguistic, and illnesses, such as encephalitis or meningitis, or be the autistic disorder (APA, 2000). the perinatal period (e.g., birth trauma or premature sepa-malnutrition, viral and other infections, maternal ingestion ration of the placenta) can result in mental retardation. result of poisoning or physical trauma in childhood. of alcohol or other drugs, and uncontrolled diabetes) and other stimulation and to severe mental disorders, such as (Subjective and Objective Data) 1 10/1/10 9:33:15 AM 0 / 1 / 10 9 : 33 : 15 AM
