technical NOTES

• Burn ability of kiln feed
  
  
  • Material retention time in burning zone
  
  
  • Gas retention time in burning zone
  
  
  • Types of calciner - Kilns with Inline Calciners have higher potential for NOx
    reduction
    b. Fuel NOx:
    Fuel NOx comes from the oxidation of nitrogen-containing compounds contained in
    the fuel, particularly coal. Fuel NOx is attributed predominantly to Fuel nitrogen and
    generating in calciner.
  
  
  • Prompt NOx is attributed to fuel derived Chi and atmospheric N2
  
  
  • NOx content in the gas entering the Calciner
  
  
  • Intrinsic reactivity of char
  
  
  • Type of Fuel-Content of VM, and Nitrogen
  
  
  • Coal fineness
  
  
  • Temperature in the Calciner
  
  
  • Type of Calciner –ILC/SLC
  
  
  
  

Description Pet coke Indian Coal South African

Coal

Lignite

Proximate Analysis

Moisture% 0.8 2.1 7.4 13.3

Volatile matter % 11.4 22.5 27.2 42.4

Ash% 0.6 35.2 14.5 6.7

Fixed Carbon % 87.2 40.2 54.7 37.6

Ultimate Analysis

C % 87.2 50.8 71.02 56.0

H % 3.59 3.07 3.96 5.36

S % 4.09 0.41 0.59 1.04

N % 1.81 1.06 1.76 0.5

O % 1.91 7.36 7.63 17.1

Mineral Matter % 2.47 38.6 15.04 7.6

NCV, kcal/kg 8110 4690 6267 4900

NOx emissions: Pet coke > Bituminous Coal > Lignite > Oil > Gas

c. Raw material NOx

Raw Material NOx comes from the oxidation of nitrogen-containing compounds
contained in the raw materials.