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9.4 Chapter Summary
Intelligence—the ability to think, to learn from experience, to solve problems, and to adapt to
new situations—is more strongly related than any other individual difference variable to
successful educational, occupational, economic, and social outcomes.
The French psychologist Alfred Binet and his colleague Henri Simon developed the first
intelligence test in the early 1900s. Charles Spearman called the construct that the different
abilities and skills measured on intelligence tests have in common the general intelligence factor,
or simply “g.”
There is also evidence for specific intelligences (s), measures of specific skills in narrow
domains. Robert Sternberg has proposed a triarchic (three-part) theory of intelligence, and
Howard Gardner has proposed that there are eight different specific intelligences.