The Mathematics of Money

(Darren Dugan) #1
662 Index

Simple interest rate, 64
actual interest earned, 73–76
equivalent simple interest rate, 65–66
finding, 24–25
SIMPLE plans, 320
Simplified exact method, 16
Sinking funds, 163–166, 269
defined, 163
with loans, 164–165
retirement planning and, 165–166
which don’t start from scratch, 199
whose payments stop, 194–195
Social Security, 392, 585
Social Security privatization, 312
Socialized medicine, 537
Socially responsible investing, 296
Sole proprietorship, 251
Special property tax rates, 402–403
Speculators, 275
Spot transactions, 275
Spreadsheets
amortization tables, 228–233
annuity problems, 235–241
bar/column chart, 611–612
compound interest, 215–217
creating basic spreadsheet, 210–212
finding future values with, 221–225
formatting and shortcuts, 217–218
future values with, 221–225
installment plans, 452
interest rates, 236–240
introduction to, 208–218
layout of, 208–210
line graph in, 612–613
making changes in, 212–214
negative amortization, 231–233
nonannual annuities, 222–223
payoff time, 229–231
pie charts, 609–610
rounding in, 214–215
using goal seek, 238–239
Standard deduction, 386
Standard deviation, 627
interpretation of, 629–631
Standard policy, 550
Standard and Poor’s 500 (S&P 500), 283
Statistical measure, 616, 617n
Statistics, 608–609, 617n; see also Business
statistics
Sticker price, 342
Stock(s), 250–259, 293
capital gains and total return, 255–257
dividend yields, 253–255
dividends, 252–253
total rate of return, 257–258
volatility and risk, 258–259
Stock companies, 523
Stock exchanges, 253
Stock split, 256
Stockholders, 251
Stop loss coverage, 543
Straight commission, 584
Straight-line depreciation, 365–367

Straight time, 582
Strike prices, 282
Subchapter S corporations, 393
Substandard rating, 550, 552
Sum of whole numbers formula, 451
Surrender charge, 555
Surrenders the policy, 553

T


Table rating, 552
Take-home pay, 580
Tariffs and duties, 407–408
Tax assessor, 398
Tax auctions, 438
Tax credits, 389
Tax deductible expenses, 386
Tax deferral, 316
Tax exemptions and deductions, 386
Tax filing, 391–392
Tax grievance, 399
Tax levy, 401
Tax withholding, 390
Taxable estate, 408
Taxable income, 386
Taxes, 490
consumption tax, 377
estate taxes, 408–410
excise taxes, 406–407
income and payroll taxes, 385–393
other types of, 406–411
payroll deductions, 584
property taxes, 398–403
sales taxes, 377–381
tariffs and duties, 407–408
use tax, 378
value-added tax, 377
Term, 57, 60
defined, 4
Term cost, 554
Term deposits, 9
Term insurance, 550–552
Term of a loan, 4, 13–17
bankers’ rule, 16–17
in days, 15–17
exact method, 15–16
in months, 13–15
other terms, 17
Tiered copays, 540
Time, 21
finding time, 25–27
impact of, 7
solving for, 132–133
Time and a half overtime pay, 582
Time value of money, 2–4, 57
terminology, 57–58
Total monthly payment (PITI), 439–440
Total rate of return, 257–258
Total return, 255–256
Total tax, 387
Trade discounts, 351–354

Trailing dividend yield, 254
Travel and entertainment cards (T&E), 420
Treasury bills (T bills), 58
Treasury Direct program, 58
Treasury inflation-protected securities (TIPS), 268
Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z), 119, 452

U


Underwriting, 527–529, 550
Underwriting classes, 527
Unemployment taxes, 587–588
Uniform assessment percent, 399
Uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage, 530
United States Rule, 184
U.S. Savings Bonds, 58
Universal health care, 537
Universal life insurance, 554–556
Unsecured loans, 419
Up-front expense, 441–443
Use tax, 378
Useful life, 365
Usury, 30

V


Valuation ratios, 512–515
Value-added tax, 377
Valuing inventory, 592
Variable annuities, 319
Variable universal life, 556
Variance, 628
Variation, measures of, 626–631
Vertical analysis, 492
Vesting/vesting schedule, 309
Viatical settlement, 63
Volatility, 258–259

W


W-4 form, 585
Wage garnishment, 586
Waiver of premium rider, 556
Weighted average, 422, 618–620
Whole life insurance, 552–554
Wholesale price, 333
Withholding allowances, 390

Y


Years of service, 307
Yield to maturity, 265–266

Z


Zero coupon bonds, 268, 272

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