(1.25) Numbers in parentheses indicate length of turn (here,
one minute and two and a half seconds). Turns are
measured to .005, or half of a second.
(.) Enclosed dot indicates a very short untimed pause.
// // Parallel lines indicate overlapping speech.
[[laughter]] Double brackets indicate backchannel sounds, laughter,
etc. (Occasionally backchannel comments are indicated
this way for ease of reading; more usually they are
indicated using //parallel lines// to mark overlapping
backchannels.)
emphasis Underlining indicates emphatic stress.
() Single parentheses indicate inaudible or barely audible
speech.
[says name] Italicized material in italicized brackets is descriptive
commentary, summaries of omitted portions, and
metacommentary from EM regarding transcript, as well
as paraphrases and substitutes where necessary to protect
confidentiality.
[... ] Ellipses in italicized brackets indicate omitted material.
oh ((sarcastically)) Italicized material in double parentheses describes
aspects of speech delivery (intonation, etc.); asterisks
mark the relevant transcript passage.
You- Hyphen indicates a cut-off, usually one that is turn-
internal.
I--
--you Parallel dashes refer to coordinated speech, where one
speaker stops before finishing an utterance, and another
speaker begins speaking smoothly immediately thereafter
(i.e., immediately latched utterances).
Notes on Transcription
xvii