issuhub.com

Power Plant Engineering

(Ron) #1 
  - Chapter 1: Fundamental of Power Plant Syllabus (vii)


  • 1.1 Introduction

  • 1.2 Concept of Power Plants

  • 1.3 Classification of Power Plants

  • 1.4 Energy

  • 1.5 Types of Energy

  • 1.6 Power

  • 1.7 Power Development in India

  • 1.8 Resources for Power Generation

  • 1.9 Present Power Position in India

  • 1.10 Future Planning for Power Generation

  • 1.11 Power Corporations in India

    • 1.11.1 National Thermal Power Corporation

    • 1.11.2 National Hydro-Electric Power Corporation

    • 1.11.3 Rural Electrification Corporation

    • 1.11.4 Damodar Valley Corporation

    • 1.11.5 North-Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited

    • 1.11.6 Bhakra Beas Management Board and Beas Construction Board

    • 1.11.7 Power Engineers Training Society (PETS)

    • 1.11.8 Central Power Research Institute (CPRI), Bangalore

    • 1.11.9 Nathpa, Jhaicri Power Corporation Limited



  • 1.12 Review of Thermodynamics Cycles Related to Power Plants

  • 1.13 Classification of Power Plant Cycle

    • 1.13.1 Carnot Cycle

    • 1.13.2 Rankine Cycle

    • 1.13.3 Reheat Cycle

    • 1.13.4 Regenerative Cycle (Feed Water Heating)

    • 1.13.5 Binary Vapour Cycle

    • 1.13.6 Reheat-Regenerative Cycle

    • 1.13.7 Formula Summary



  • 1.14 Fuels and Combustion

  • 1.15 Steam Generators

  • 1.16 Steam Prime Movers

  • 1.17 Steam Condensers

    • 1.17.1 Surface Condensers

    • 1.17.2 Jet Condensers

    • 1.17.3 Types of Jet Condensers



  • 1.18 Water (Hydraulic) Turbines

    • 1.18.1 Impulse and Reaction Turbines



  • 1.19 Scienc Vs. Technology

    • 1.19.1 Scientific Research

    • 1.19.2 Science and Technology Infrastructure



  • 1.20 Facts Vs. Values

  • 1.21 Atomic Energy

  • 1.22 Highlights of the Nuclear Power Programme

  • 1.23 Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited

  • 1.24 Ocean Engineering Applications

    • Chapter 2: Non-Conventional Energy Resources and Utilisation

    • 2.1 Introduction

    • 2.2 Energy Science

    • 2.3 Various Energy Science

    • 2.4 Energy Technology

    • 2.5 Energy Technology and Energy Sciences

    • 2.6 Law of Conservation of Energy

    • 2.7 Facts and Figures about Energy

    • 2.8 Indian and Global Energy Sources

      • 2.8.1 The Sun

      • 2.8.2 etroleum

      • 2.8.3 Natural Gas

      • 2.8.4 Coal

      • 2.8.5 Nuclear Energy

      • 2.8.6 LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas)

      • 2.8.7 Alcohol

      • 2.8.8 Gasohol

      • 2.8.9 Hydro Power



    • 2.9 Energy Exploited



  • 2.10 Energy Demand

  • 2.11 Energy Planning

  • 2.12 Introduction to Various Sources of Energy

    • 2.12.1 Conventional Sources of Energy

    • 2.12.2 Non-Conventional Sources of Energy



  • 2.13 Introduction to Various Non-Conventional Energy Resources

  • 2.14 Bio-Gas

    • 2.14.1 Aerobic and Anaerobic Bio-Conversion Process

    • 2.14.2 Raw Materials

    • 2.14.3 Properties of Bio Gas

    • 2.14.4 Bio Gas Plant Technology



  • 2.15 Wind Energy

    • 2.15.1 Wind Machine Fundamentals

    • 2.15.2 Aerofoil Design

    • 2.15.3 Wind Power Systems

    • 2.15.4 Economic Issues

    • 2.15.5 Selection of Wind Mill

    • 2.15.6 Recent Developments



  • 2.16 Solar Energy

    • 2.16.1 Solar Radiations

    • 2.16.2 Solar Thermal Power Plant

    • 2.16.3 Solar Energy Storage

    • 2.16.4 Recent Developments in Solar Power Plants



  • 2.17 Electrochemical Effects and Fuel Cells

    • 2.17.1 Reversible Cells

    • 2.17.2 Ideal Fuel Cells

    • 2.17.3 Other Types of Fuel Cells

    • 2.17.4 Efficiency of Cells



  • 2.18 Thermionic Systems and Thennionic Emission

    • 2.18.1 Thermoionic Conversion

    • 2.18.2 Ideal and Actual Efficiency



  • 2.19 Thermoelectric Systems

    • 2.19.1 Principle of Working

    • 2.19.2 Performance



  • 2.20 Geo Thermal Energy

    • 2.20.1 Hot Springs

    • 2.20.2 Steam Ejection

    • 2.20.3 Site Selection

      • 2.20.4 Geothermal Power Plants

      • 2.20.5 Advanced Concepts





  • 2.21 Ocean Energy

    • 2.21.1 Power Plants Based on Ocean Energy



  • 2.22 Other Energy Technology

    • 2.22.1 Liquid Fuel

    • 2.22.2 Fuel Cell Technology

    • 2.22.3 Hydrogen Energy

    • 2.22.4 Hydrogen Energy Technology

    • 2.22.5 Battery Operated Vehicles

    • 2.22.6 Bio Fuel Technology

    • 2.22.7 Hydroelectric Power

    • 2.22.8 Innovative Heat Exchanger to Save Energy

    • Chapter 3: Power Plant Economics and Variable Load Problem

    • 3.1 Terms and Factors

    • 3.2 Factor Effecting Power Plant Design

    • 3.3 Effect of Power Plant Type on Costs

      • 3.3.1 Initial Cost

      • 3.3.2 Rate of Interest

      • 3.3.3 Depreciation

      • 3.3.4 Operational Costs

      • 3.3.5 Cost of Fuels

      • 3.3.6 Labout Cost

      • 3.3.7 Cost of Maintenance and Repairs

      • 3.3.8 Cost of Stores

      • 3.3.9 Supervision

      • 3.3.10 Taxes



    • 3.4 Effect of Plant Type on Rates (Tariffs or Energy Element)

      • 3.4.1 Requirements of a Tariff

      • 3.4.2 Types of Tariffs



    • 3.5 Effect of Plant Type on Fixed Elements

    • 3.6 Effect of Plant Type on Customer Elements

    • 3.7 Investor’s Profit

    • 3.8 Economics in Plant Selection

    • 3.9 Economic of Power Generation



  • 3.10 Industrial Production and Power Generational Compared

  • 3.11 Load Curves

  • 3.12 Ideal and Realized Load Curves

  • 3.13 Effect of Variable Load on Power Plan Design

  • 3.14 Effect of Variable Load on Power Plant Operation

    • Chapter 4 : Steam Power Plant

    • 4.1 Introduction

    • 4.2 Essentials of Steam Power Plant Equipment

      • 4.2.1 Power Station Design

      • 4.2.2 Characteristics of Steam Power Plant



    • 4.3 Coal Handling

      • 4.3.1 Dewatering of Coal



    • 4.4 Fuel Burning Furnaces

      • 4.4.1 Types of Furnaces



    • 4.5 Method of Fuel Firing

      • 4.5.1 Hand Firing

      • 4.5.2 Mechanical Firing (Stokers)



    • 4.6 Automatic Boiler Control

    • 4.7 Pulverized Coal

      • 4.7.1 Ball Mill

      • 4.7.2 Ball and Race Mill

      • 4.7.3 Shaft Mill



    • 4.8 Pulverized Coal Firing

    • 4.9 Pulverized Coal Burners

      • 4.9.1 Cyclone Fired Boilers





  • 4.10 Water Walls

  • 4.11 Ash Disposal

    • 4.11.1 Ash Handling Equipment



  • 4.12 Smoke and Dust Removal

  • 4.13 Types of Dust Collectors

    • 4.13.1 Fly Ash Scrubber

    • 4.13.2 Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC)

    • 4.13.3 Types of FBC Systems

    • Chapter 5 : Steam Generator

    • 5.1 Introduction

    • 5.2 Types of Boilers

    • 5.3 Cochran Boilers

    • 5.4 Lancashire Boiler

    • 5.5 Locomotive Boiler

    • 5.6 Babcock Wilcox Boiler

    • 5.7 Industrial Boilers

    • 5.8 Merits and Demerits of Water Tube Boilers over Fire Tube Boilers Mertis

    • 5.9 Requirements of a Good Boiler



  • 5.10 High Pressure Boilers

    • 5.10.1 La Mont Boiler

    • 5.10.2 Benson Boiler

    • 5.10.3 Loeffler Boiler

    • 5.10.4 Schmidt-Hartmann Boiler

    • 5.10.5 Velox Boiler

    • Chapter 6 : Steam Turbine

    • 6.1 Principle of Operation of Steam Turbine

    • 6.2 Classification of Steam Turbine

    • 6.3 The Simple Impulse Turbine

    • 6.4 Compounding of Impulse Turbine

    • 6.5 Pressure Compounded Impulse Turbine

    • 6.6 Simple Velocity-Compounded Impulse Turbine

    • 6.7 Pressure and Velocity Compounded Impulse Turbine

    • 6.8 Impulse-Reaction Turbine

    • 6.9 Advantages of Steam Turbine over Steam Engine



  • 6.10 Steam Turbine Capacity

  • 6.11 Capability

  • 6.12 Steam Turbine Governing

  • 6.13 Steam Turbine Performance

  • 6.14 Steam Turbine Testing

  • 6.15 Choice of Steam Turbine

  • 6.16 Steam Turbine Generators

  • 6.17 Steam Turbine Specifications

    • Chapter 7 : Fuels and Combustion

    • 7.1 Introduction

    • 7.2 Coal

    • 7.3 Coal Analysis

      • 7.3.1 Proximate Analysis

      • 7.3.2 Ultimate Analysis

      • 7.3.3 Heating Value



    • 7.4 Coal Firing

    • 7.5 Mechanical Stokers

    • 7.6 Pulverized-Coal Firing

    • 7.7 Cyclone Furnaces

      • Chapter 8 : Diesel Power Plant



    • 8.1 Introduction

    • 8.2 Operating Principle

    • 8.3 Basic Types of IC Engines

      • 8.3.1 Two-Stroke, Spark Ignition Gas Engines/Petrol Engines

      • 8.3.2 Diesel Engines/Heavy Oil Engines

      • 8.3.3 Duel Fuel Engines

      • 8.3.4 High Compression Gas Engines



    • 8.4 Advantage of Diesel Power Plant

    • 8.5 Disadvantage of Diesel Power Plant

    • 8.6 Application of Diesel Power Plant

    • 8.7 General Layout of Diesel Power Plant

    • 8.8 Performance of Diesel Engine

      • 8.8.1 Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP)

      • 8.8.2 Indicated Hourse Power (IHP)

      • 8.8.3 Brake Horse Power (B.H.P.)

      • 8.8.4 Frictional Horse Power (F.H.P.)

      • 8.8.5 Indicated Thermal Efficiency

      • 8.8.6 Brake Thermal Efficiency (Overall Efficiency)

      • 8.8.7 Mechanical Efficiency



    • 8.9 Fuel System of Diesel Power Plant



  • 8.10 Lubrication System of Diesel Power Plant

    • 8.10.1 Liquid Lubicricants or Wet Sump Lubrication System

    • 8.10.2 Solid Lubricants or Dry Sump Lubrication System

    • 8.10.3 Mist Lubrication System



  • 8.11 Air Intakes and Admission System of Diesel Power Plant

  • 8.12 Supercharging System of Diesel Power Plant

    • 8.12.1 Types of Supercharger

    • 8.12.2 Advantages of Supercharging



  • 8.13 Exhaust System of Diesel Power Plant

  • 8.14 Cooling System of Diesel Power Plant

    • 8.14.1 Open Cooling System

    • 8.14.2 Natural Circulation System

      • 8.14.3 Forced Circulation Cooling System



    • 8.15 Diesel Plant Operation

    • 8.16 Efficiency of Diesel Power Plant

    • 8.17 Heat Balance Sheet

      • Chapter 9 : Gas Turbine Power Plant

      • 9.1 Introduction

      • 9.2 Classification of Gas Turbine Power Plant

        • 9.2.1 Open Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant

        • 9.2.2 Closed Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant



      • 9.3 Elements of Gas Turbine Power Plants

        • 9.3.1 Compressors

        • 9.3.2 Intercoolers and Heat Exchangers

        • 9.3.3 Combustion Chambers

        • 9.3.4 Gas Turbines



      • 9.4 Regeneration and Reheating

        • 9.4.1 Regeneration

        • 9.4.2 Reheating



      • 9.5 Cogeneration

        • 9.5.1 Cogeneration—Why

        • 9.5.2 Cogeneration Technologies



      • 9.6 Auxiliary Systems

        • 9.6.1 Starting Systems

        • 9.6.2 Ignition Systems

        • 9.6.3 Lubrication System

        • 9.6.4 Fuel System and Controls



      • 9.7 Control of Gas Turbines

        • 9.7.1 Prime Control

        • 9.7.2 Protective Controls



      • 9.8 Gas Turbine Efficiency

        • 9.8.1 Effect of Blade Friction

        • 9.8.2 Improvement in Open Cycle



      • 9.9 Operations and Maintenance Performance

        • 9.9.1 Operation

        • 9.9.2 Maintenance Performance







  • 9.10. Troubleshooting and Remedies

    • 9.11 Combined Cycle Power Plants

    • 9.12 Applications of Gas Turbine

    • 9.13 Advantages of Gas Turbine Power Plant

    • 9.14 Disadvantages

      • Chapter 10 : Nuclear Power Plant



    • 10.1 Introduction

    • 10.2 General History and Trends

      • 10.2.1 Major Events

      • 10.2.2 What Might Change the Current Situation?

      • 10.2.3 Technical History and Developments

      • 10.2.4 Developments After WW-2



    • 10.3 The Atomic Structure

    • 10.4 Summary of Nuclear Energy Concepts and Terms

      • 10.4.1 Summary of Features

      • 10.4.2 Fission

      • 10.4.3 Critical Mass

      • 10.4.4 Alpha Radiation

      • 10.4.5 Beta Particles

      • 10.4.6 Gamma Particles

      • 10.4.7 Uramium Fission

      • 10.4.8 Half Life, T



    • 10.5 Ethical Problems in Nuclear Power Regulation

    • 10.6 Chemical and Nuclear Equations

    • 10.7 Nuclear Fusion and Fission

      • 10.7.1 Fusion

      • 10.7.2 Fission



    • 10.8 Energy From Fission and Fuel Burn Up

    • 10.9 Radioactivity



  • 10.10 Nuclear Reactor

    • 10.10.1 Parts of a Nuclear Reactor

    • 10.10.2 Nuclear Fuel

    • 10.10.3 Moderator

    • 10.10.4 Moderating Ratio

    • 10.10.5 Reflector

    • 10.10.6 Reactor Vessel

    • 10.10.7 Biological Shieding

    • 10.10.8 Coolant

    • 10.10.9 Coolant Cycles

    • 10.10.10 Reactor Core



  • 10.11 Conservation Ratio

  • 10.12 Neutron Flux

  • 10.13 Clasification of Reactors

  • 10.14 Cost of Nuclear Power Plant

  • 10.15 Nuclear Power Station in India

  • 10.16 Light Water Reactor (LWR) and Heavy Water Reactor (HWR)

    • 10.16.1 Importance of Heavy Water



  • 10.17 Site Selection

  • 10.18 Comparison of Nulcear Power Plant and Steam Power Plant

  • 10.19 Multiplication Factor

  • 10.20 Uranium Enrichment

  • 10.21 Reactor Power Control

  • 10.22 Nuclear Power Plant Economics

  • 10.23 Safety Measures for Nuclear Power Plants

  • 10.24 Site Selection and Commissioning Procedure

  • 10.25 Major Nuclear Power Disasters

  • 10.26 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

    • 10.26.1 Reactor Design: RBMK-1000

    • 10.26.2 Control of the Reactor

    • 10.26.3 Chernobyl Reactor Operations

    • 10.26.4 Accident/Safety Plans

    • 10.26.5 Evacuation



  • 10.27 Safety Problems in Chernobyl Reactor Design

    • 10.27.1 System Dynamics

    • 10.27.2 Another Safety Problem with the Design



  • 10.28 Other, Earlier, Soviet Nuclear Accidents

    • Chapter 11 : Hydro-Electric Power Plants

    • 11.1 Introduction

    • 11.2 Run-Off

    • 11.3 Hydrograph and Flow Duration Curve

    • 11.4 The Mass Curve

    • 11.5 Selection of Site for a Hydro-Electric Power Plant

    • 11.6 Essential Features of a Water-Power Plant

    • 11.7 Calculations of Water Power Plants

    • 11.8 Classification of Hydro-Plant

      • 11.8.1 Storage Plants

      • 11.8.2 Run-of-River Power Plants

      • 11.8.3 Pumped Storage Power Plants



    • 11.9 Power House and Turbine Setting

      • 11.9.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Underground Power-House





  • 11.10 Prime-Movers

  • 11.11 Specific Speed of Turbine

  • 11.12 Draft Tubes

    • 11.12.1 Methods to Avoid Cavitation

    • 11.12.2 Types of Draft Tubes

    • 11.12.3 Different Types of Draft Tubes



  • 11.13 Models and Model Testing

  • 11.14 Selection of Turbine

    • Chapter 12 : Electrical System

    • 12.1 Introduction

    • 12.2 Generators and Motors

      • 12.2.1 Rotors

      • 12.2.2 Stators

      • 12.2.3 Ventilation

      • 12.2.4 Hight-Voltage Generators



    • 12.3 Transformers

      • 12.3.1 Constructional Parts

      • 12.3.2 Core Constructions

      • 12.3.3 Windings



    • 12.4 Cooling of Transformers

      • 12.4.1 Simple Cooling

      • 12.4.2 Mixed Cooling

      • 12.4.3 Natural Oil Cooling

      • 12.4.4 Forced Oil Cooling

      • 12.4.5 Internal Cooling



    • 12.5 Bus-Bar

      • 12.5.1 Single Bus-Bar System

      • 12.5.2 Single Bus-Bar System with Sectionalisation

      • 12.5.3 Duplicate Bus-Bar System



    • 12.6 Busbar Protection

      • 12.6.1 Differential Protection

      • 12.6.2 Fault Bus Protection

      • Chapter 13 : Pollution and its Control



    • 13.1 Introduction

    • 13.2 Environment Pollution due to Energy Use

    • 13.3 Environment Pollution due to Industrial Trial Emissions

    • 13.4 Environment Pollution to Road Transport

    • 13.5 Harmful Effects of Emissions

      • 13.5.1 Buildings and Materials

      • 13.5.2 Soil, Vegetation and Animal Life

      • 13.5.3 Human Beings



    • 13.6 Steps Taken so far and their Impact

    • 13.7 Noise Pollution and its Control

    • 13.8 Green House Gases and their Effects

    • 13.9 Fossil Fuel Pollution

      • 13.9.1 Urban Air Pollution

      • 13.9.2 Acid Rain

      • 13.9.3 Global Climate Change

      • 13.9.4 Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

      • 13.9.4 Acid Fog





  • 13.10 Pollution due to Combustion of Fuel

    • 13.10.1 Gas Fuel

    • 13.10.2 Methane

    • 13.10.3 Alkanes



  • 13.11 Pollution due to Gas Combustion

    • 13.11.1 Unburned Hydrocarbons (UHCS)

    • 13.11.2 Carbon Monoxide (CO)

    • 13.11.3 Nitric Oxide (NOx)

    • 13.11.4 Soot



  • 13.12 Pollution due to Liquid Fuel

    • 13.12.1 Atomization

    • 13.12.2 Vaporization

    • 13.12.3 Modes of Combustion



  • 13.13 Pollution due to Solid Fuel

  • 13.14 Air Pollution by Thermal Power Plants

  • 13.15 Water Pollution by Thermal Power Plants

  • 13.16 Environment Concerns and Diesel Power Plants

  • 13.17 Nuclear Power Plant and the Environment

    • 13.17.1 The Fuel Cycle

    • 13.17.2 Wastes



  • 13.18 Radiations from Nuclear-Power Plant Effluents

  • 13.19 Impact on Pollution and Air Qality in Delhi

    • 13.19.1 Environmental Concerns

    • 13.19.2 Pollution Levels

    • 13.19.3 Measurs to Combat Pollution



  • 13.20 Method for Pollution Control

  • 13.21 Control of Marine Pollution

    • Appendix

    • Glossary

    • Bibliography

    • Index



Free download pdf
Get our desktop app
Company
Features
Documentation
Resources
© ISSUHUB. 2024. All rights reserved.