Biodiversity Conservation and Phylogenetic Systematics

160

Table 1

Two major classes of phylogenetic similarity measures based on the transformations of phylogenetic beta diversity when species importance measures

are incidences (for

q^

=^ 0), relative abundances or absolute abundance (for

q^ =

1 and 2). The corresponding differentiation measures are the one-complements of

the similarity measures. When all lineages are completely distinct (this includes

T

®

0

, ignoring phylogeny), these phylogenetic measures reduce to the

corresponding non-phylogenetic versions. All measures can also be applied to non-ultrametric trees if

T

is substituted for

T

Order

Species importance measure

Phylo-local-overlapCT

DT

N

N

qN

q

q

q

q

()

/(

)/

/

=

éë

ùû

• ()
  
  
  • ()
  
  
  
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  

11

11

1

1

1

b

Phylo-regional-overlapUT

DT

N

N

qN

q

q

q

q

()

/(

)/

/

=

éë

ùû

• ()
  
  
  • ()
  
  
  
  


• 
  


• 
  


• 
  

11

11

1

1

1

b

q^ =

0

Incidences

Phylo-Sørensen

(=

PhyloSør

for

N

=2)

NL

TL

T

N

• 
  
  
  
  • ()ga
  
  
  
  

/(

)

1

Phylo-Jaccard

(=1–

UniFrac

for

N

=

2)

LT

LT

N

N

()ag

/(

)/

/

• 
  
  
  
  • 
    
  
  
  
  

1

11

q^ =

1

Relative

abundances

Phylo-Horn^1

• 
  


• 
  

  HH

  
  

PP,,TN

lo

g

ga

Phylo-Horn^1

• 
  


• 
  

  HH

  
  

PP,,TN

lo

g

ga

Absolute abundances

HH

T

z z

z z

TN

PP

N k

kk

,,

lo

g

lo

g

ag

--

æçè

ö÷ø

=

+ ++

+ ++

å

1

HH

T

z z

z z

TN

PP

N k

kk

,,

lo

g

lo

g

ag

--

æçè

ö÷ø

=

+ ++

+ ++

å

1

A. Chao et al.