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To illustrate the phylogenetic differentiation among assemblages, we focus on
measuring the phylogenetic differentiation between any two decades for three pairs
(i.e. Decades I vs. II, Decades I vs. III and Decades II vs. III). To see how the phy-
logenetic differentiation measures vary with the time perspective q and with the
order T, we show two types of profiles for each of the two differentiation measures
1 - CTqN() and 1 - UTqN() in Figs. 5 and 6. In Fig. 5a, we present the first type of
profile that plots the measure 1 - CTqN() as a function of q where q is in the range
[0, 3] for two time perspectives: T = 0 (non-phylogenetic case) and T = 7.9 Myr (the
age of the root node). In Fig. 5b, the same type of differentiation profile is shown for
the other measure 1 - UTqN(). Then in Fig. 6a, b, we present the second type of
Fig. 4 (a) The first type of diversity profile plots qDT() as a function of order q, 0 ≤ q ≤ 3, for
two selected values of temporal perspectives: T = 0 (non-phylogenetic case) and T = 7.9 Myr (the
age of the root of the phylogenetic tree in Fig.q 3a). (b) The second type of diversity profile plots
DT() (phylogenetic Hill number) and qPD(T) (phylogenetic diversity) as functions of T,
0 ≤ T ≤ 10, separately for q = 0, 1 and 2
A. Chao et al.