Appendix B 343
in a fixed window. After processing the data for the demand analysis,
the 15 minute data can then be converted to hourly data for archiving
and further analysis against hourly weather data.
5.3 INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
Special meters may be used to measure physical quantities or to
submeter an energy flow. Example quantities which may have to be
measured without the use of energy supplier meters are temperature, hu-
midity, flow, pressure, equipment runtime, electricity and thermal energy.
To determine energy savings with reasonable accuracy and repeatability,
good measurement practices should be followed for these quantities. Such
practices are continually evolving as metering equipment improves. It is
recommended that the latest measurement practices be followed to sup-
port any savings determination. Appendix C provides a review of some
common measurement techniques. The IPMVP web site contains relevant
current references on measurement techniques.”
5.4 CALIBRATION OF INSTRUMENTATION
It is highly recommended that instrumentation be calibrated with
procedures developed by the National Institute of Standards and Tech-
nology (NIST). Primary standards and no less than third order NIST
traceable calibration equipment should be utilized wherever possible.
Sensors and metering equipment should be selected based in part on
the ease of calibration and the ability to hold calibration. An attractive
solution is the selection of equipment that is se If- calibrating.
Selected references on calibration have been provided in Chapter
6.2, including: ASTM (1992), Baker and Hurley (1984), Benedict (1984),
Bryant and O’Neal (1992), Cortina (1988), Doebelin (1990), EEI (1981),
Haberl et al. (1992), Harding (1982), Huang (1991), Hurley and Schooley
(1984), Hurley (1985), Hyland and Hurley (1983), Kulwicki (1991),
Leider (1990), Liptak (1995), Miller (1989), Morrissey (1990), Ramboz
and McAuliff (1983), Robinson et al. (1992), Ross and White (1990),
Sparks (1992), Wiesman (1989), Wise (1976), Wise and Soulen (1986).
5.5 DATA COLLECTION ERRORS AND LOST DATA
Methodologies for data collection differ in degree of difficulty,
and consequently in the amount of erroneous or missing data. No data
collection is without error. The M&V Plan should consider two aspects
of data collection problems: