- If any dispute or controversy likely to cause trouble should arise it must be referred to
Allah and to Muhammed, the Messenger of Allah (r). Allah accepts what is nearest to piety
and goodness in this document. - Quraysh and their helpers shall not be given protection,
- The contracting parties are bound to help one another against any attack on Yathrib.
- If they are called to make peace and maintain it, they must do so; and if they make a
similar demand on the Muslims, it must be carried out, except in the case of the Jihad. - Everyone shall have his portion from the side to which he belongs; the Jews of al Aus,
their freedmen and themselves have the same standing with the people of this document in
pure loyalty from the people of this document. Loyalty is a protection against treachery. He
who acquires anything acquires it for himself. - Allah approves of this document. This deed will not protect the unjust and the sinner.
The man who goes forth to fight or the man who stays at home in the city is safe unless he
has been unjust and a sinner. Allah is the Protector of the good and the Cod-man and Mu-
hammed is the Messenger of Allah (r).
This was a historic document, which brought revolutionary changes in the body politic of the
City of Medinah and gave it a new status. The main achievements of the document are
summarized below.
- It gave definite rights and duties to the participants in the document. The Muslims (the
Ansaar and the Muhaajirun) and the Jews and their allies and helpers were all given these
rights equally. Thus it was truly a Charter of Rights and Duties of the people of Medinah and
the surrounding areas. - It established the authority of the central government of Medinah over Medinah and the
surrounding areas. - Muhammed was now recognised as the undisputed ruler and leader of the people, includ-
ing the Jews. He was established as the head of the legislative, executive and judicial powers
and the final authority in all matters. - The Jews not only accepted Muhammed (r) as sovereign but also recognised Medinah as
a sanctuary (a sacred city) like Makkah. They also accepted him as the final authority in all
judicial matters and his decisions were to be accepted by all. - This document introduced a novel idea into politics. It brought morality into politics
against all material and secular attitudes. Allah was recognized as the source of all Authority
and Law and Muhammed was recognised as the Messenger of Allah (r) and as His agent.