Emergency Medicine

SKIN DISORDERS 116 General Medical Emergencies MANAGEMENT 1 Management is of t he underly ing cause. 2 This is urgent for suspec ...

SKIN DISORDERS General Medical Emergencies 117 (ii) Minor signs: (a) inflammation or elevation (b) bleeding or crusting (c) sens ...

Elderly Patient 118 General Medical Emergencies 2 Refer a patient with a pigmented lesion with any major sign urgently to the de ...

ELDERLY PATIENT General Medical Emergencies 119 Disordered behaviour in the elderly A breakdown in a patient’s normal, socially ...

ELDERLY PATIENT 120 General Medical Emergencies MANAGEMENT 1 Delirium and acutely decompensated dementia require hospital admiss ...

Further Reading General Medical Emergencies 121 (viii) Balance disorder: (a) inner ear disease (b) impaired proprioception. 2 Re ...

FURTHER READING 122 General Medical Emergencies European Resuscitation Council (2010) European Resuscitation Council Guidelines ...

ACID–BASE, ELECTROLYTE AND RENAL EMERGENCIES Section III ...

124 Acid–Base, Electrolyte and Renal Emergencies Arterial blood gas interpretation Blood gas analysis provides information regar ...

Acid–Base, Electrolyte and Renal Emergencies 125 ACID–BASE DISTURBANCES (d) assuming 100% humidity at sea level, the A-a gradien ...

126 Acid–Base, Electrolyte and Renal Emergencies ACID–BASE DISTURBANCES (iii) The presence of a normal pH with abnormal HCO 3 an ...

Acid–Base, Electrolyte and Renal Emergencies 127 ACID–BASE DISTURBANCES 3 Causes of a high anion gap metabolic acidosis (anion g ...

ACID–BASE DISTURBANCES 128 Acid–Base, Electrolyte and Renal Emergencies (i) The acidosis is partially compensated if the PaCO 2 ...

ACID–BASE DISTURBANCES Acid–Base, Electrolyte and Renal Emergencies 129 3 The body compensates to reduce the bicarbonate load by ...

130 Acid–Base, Electrolyte and Renal Emergencies ACID–BASE DISTURBANCES 3 Clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis are se ...

Electrolyte Disorders Acid–Base, Electrolyte and Renal Emergencies 131 (b) pain, fear, stress, psychogenic, voluntary (c) fever ...

ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS 132 Acid–Base, Electrolyte and Renal Emergencies Potassium disorders The potassium gradient across the cel ...

Acid–Base, Electrolyte and Renal Emergencies 133 ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS 6 Look for the characteristic ECG changes that are usuall ...

134 Acid–Base, Electrolyte and Renal Emergencies ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS 4 Mild hyperkalaemia (5.5 – 6.0 m mol /L). Remove potassi ...

ELECTROLYTE DISORDERS Acid–Base, Electrolyte and Renal Emergencies 135 MANAGEMENT 1 Replace potassium immediately in the followi ...