144 Acid–Base, Electrolyte and Renal Emergencies
Further Reading
and refractory pulmonary oedema, pericarditis, uraemic
encephalopathy or if a dialysable drug is responsible such as
lithium or salicylate.
2 Commence f luid resuscitation with caution.
(i) Aim to optimize renal perfusion by treating hypovolaemia, but
take care not to precipitate acute volume overload.
(ii) Closely monitor urine output.
3 Refer the patient to the medical, renal or urology team depending on the
suspected underlying pathology, response to resuscitation, and any urgent
requirement for dialysis.FURTHER READING
American Heart Association (2010) Part 12: Cardiac arrest in special situations:
2010 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscita-
tion and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation 122 : S829–61.
European Resuscitation Council (2010) European Resuscitation Council
Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 8. Cardiac arrest in special circum-
stances. Resuscitation 81 : 1400–33.
Kellum JA, Bellomo R, Ronco C (2008) Definition and classification of acute kid-
ney injury. Nephron Clinical Practice 109 : c182–7.