43.3.2 Using noun phrases like the following ones: La razón por la que... ‘the reason
(that).. .’, por razones/motivos+ adjective, por razones/motivos de+ noun, ‘for...
reasons’, en razón de, ‘because of’, ‘on the grounds of’.
11.2 (p. 45)
La razón por la que no respondía fue que su teléfono no funcionaba
bien.
The reason (that) he/she did not answer was that his/her telephone was
not working properly.
Por razones/motivos personales no pudieron asistir.
For personal reasons they weren’t able to attend.
Por razones/motivos de salud tendrá que quedarse en casa.
For health reasons he/she will have to stay at home.
En razón de su edad le harán un descuento especial.
On the grounds of/because of his/her age they will give him/her a special
discount.
43.3.3 Using linking words and phrases such as:
por eso‘that’s why’
así que‘so’
por (lo) tanto‘therefore’
por consiguiente, consiguientemente‘consequently’
de ahí que‘hence’
de modo/manera/forma que‘so’, ‘so that’
de tal modo/manera/forma que‘in such a way that’
He estado muy ocupado, por eso no he podido venir.
I’ve been very busy, that’s why I haven’t been able to come.
Me he quedado sin dinero, así que tendré que pedir un préstamo al
banco.
I have been left without money, so I will have to ask the bank for a loan.
No sabía nada, por (lo) tanto la reprobaron.
She didn’t know anything, so she failed.
No hablaban nada de español, de modo que tuvieron que contratar
un intérprete.
They didn’t speak any Spanish, so they had to hire an interpreter.
Estaba enfermo, de ahí su larga ausencia.
He was ill, hence his long absence.
Carlos bebió de tal forma que terminó totalmente borracho.
Carlos drank in such a way that he ended up completely drunk.43.4 Enquiring about purpose
Purpose is often associated in Spanish with the preposition para, just as cause is
sometimes associated with por. To enquire about purpose Spanish normally uses the
phrase¿para qué... ?, ‘what... for?’, ‘why?’.Enquiring about purpose 43.4