en España in Spain
en (el) Perú in Peru
but:en la España de la posguerra in postwar Spain
The article is retained in names of countries which have a complex title, though los
Estados Unidos may drop the article (in which case it is treated as singular):en los Emiratos Árabes Unidos
in the United Arab Emirates
en (los) Estados Unidos
in the United StatesEstados Unidos ha declarado que...
The United States has said that...
(g) With names of languages:The definite article is used with names of languages except after hablar‘to speak’, saber
‘to know’ and the preposition en‘in’:
El japonés es muy difícil.
Japanese is very difficult.¿Sabes español?
Do you know Spanish?
Traducir al inglés.
Translate into English.
but:Hablo japonés. I speak Japanese.
en ruso in Russian
After aprender‘to learn’, entender‘to understand’ and estudiar‘to study’, the definite
article is also usually omitted.37.3 (p. 224); 40.3 (p. 240)
4.3 Definite article +que and de
The forms of the definite article are also used with que and with de.4.3.1 El que, la que, los que and las que form one of the relative pronouns (see 11 ); they also
have the meaning of ‘he, (etc.) who’:
Los que habían perdido el bolígrafo no podían escribir.
Those who had lost their pens could not write.
Este niño es el que viste entrar ayer.
This little boy is the one you saw coming in yesterday.
El que, etc., also has the meaning ‘the fact that’:Definite article + que and de 4.3