Modern Spanish Grammar: A Practical Guide

16.1.1.5 Gerund

NOTE The gerund is formed by adding the endings in italics to the present stem. The -er and -ir

conjugations are identical.

16.1.1.6 Imperative

NOTE The tú form imperative is identical to the 3rd person singular of the present indicative; the

vosotros/as form is formed by changing the final -r of the infinitive to -d. The usted and

ustedes forms are the same as the 3rd person singular and plural respectively of the present

subjunctive. The negative imperatives are all formed from the present subjunctive.

(a) Positive

(b) Negative

16.1.1.7 The compound tenses

NOTE The compound tenses for all verbs are formed from the auxiliary verb haber followed by the past

participle.

The forms for haber are given below, together with one full set of specimen compound

forms for cantar.

Present of haber Perfect of cantar

he he cantado

has has cantado

ha ha cantado

cantado comido partido

cantando comiendo partiendo

(tú) canta come parte

(vos) cantá comé partí

(vosotros/as) cantad comed partid

(usted) cante coma parta

(ustedes) canten coman partan

(tú) no cantes no comas no partas

(vos) no cantés no comás no partás

(vosotros/as) no cantéis no comáis no partáis

(usted) no cante no coma no parta

(ustedes) no canten no coman no partan

VERB FORMS 16.1