Study Guide for Fundamentals of Nursing The Art and Science of Nursing Care

d.The pain threshold varies from person

to person, but many studies conclude

that males have lower thresholds than

females.

e.The sensation of pain is regulated or modi-

fied by neuromodulators.

f.Endorphins are powerful pain-blocking

chemicals that have prolonged analgesic

effects, produce euphoria, and may be

released when certain measures are used

to relieve pain.

6.Which of the following are physiologic

responses to pain? (Select all that apply.)

a.Exaggerated weeping and restlessness

b.Protecting the painful area

c.Increased blood pressure

d.Muscle tension and rigidity

e.Nausea and vomiting

f.Grimacing and moaning

DEVELOPING YOUR

KNOWLEDGE BASE

FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS

1.A patient who experiences acute pain

following a noxious stimulus is experiencing

pain.

2.A patient who has pain related to a surgical

incision is experiencing pain.

3.A patient who complains of pain that is poorly

localized following abdominal surgery is most

likely experiencing pain.

4.A person who experiences a “head rush” from

eating ice cream too fast is experiencing

.

5.A patient who has sharp pains in his left

arm following a myocardial infarction is

experiencing pain.

MATCHING EXERCISES

Match the type of pain listed in Part A with its

definition listed in Part B.

PART A

a.Nociceptive pain

b.Cutaneous pain

c.Somatic pain

d.Visceral pain

e.Neuropathic pain

f.Allodynia

g.Psychogenic pain

h.Referred pain

i.Acute pain

j.Chronic pain

k.Intractable pain

PART B

1. Pain that results from an injury to, or
   abnormal functioning of, peripheral
   nerves or the central nervous system


2. Pain that is resistant to therapy and per-
   sists despite a variety of interventions


3. Pain that occurs following a normally
   weak or nonpainful stimulus, such as a
   light touch or a cold drink


4. Pain that may be limited, intermittent,
   or persistent but that lasts for 6 months
   or longer and interferes with normal
   functioning


5. Pain that is usually acute and transmit-
   ted following normal processing of nox-
   ious stimuli


6. Pain that is diffuse or scattered and orig-
   inates in tendons, ligaments, bones,
   blood vessels, and nerves


7. Pain for which no physical cause can be
   found


8. Superficial pain that usually involves the
   skin or subcutaneous tissue


9. Pain that is poorly localized and
   originates in body organs, the thorax,
   cranium, and abdomen


10. Pain that is perceived in an area distant
    from its point of origin
    Match the examples in Part B with the type of
    pain listed in Part A. Answers may be used
    more than once.
    PART A
    a.Cutaneous pain
    b.Deep somatic pain
    c.Visceral pain
    d.Referred pain

CHAPTER 35 COMFORT 227

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